Simple Eukaryotes (protists And Fungi)

Question 1

List 4 different types of Eukaryotes

Answer 1

Protists: Protozoa
Fungi: Mold, yeast
Animals: vertebrae’s
Plants: Not pathogenic

Question 2

How many nuclei to protist cells have?

Answer 2

Some like Giardia have two or more

Question 3

How do protist cells move?

Answer 3

With Flagella/cilia

Question 4

Are protist sexual or asexual?

Answer 4

Both, some require hosts

Question 5

What is the difference between a cyst, ocysts and a oocysts?

Answer 5

They are dormant, encapsulated forms, similar to endospores.

Cysts have 1 layer, ocysts have two layers and oocysts have 3 layers

Question 6

What is phylum Metamonada?

Answer 6

They are anaerobic, lack mitochondria, most are symbionts of animals.
ie) Giardia

Question 7

What do diplomonads have?

Answer 7

Multiple flagella and 2 separate nuclei. Eg) Giardia

Question 8

What is Giardia lamblia:

Answer 8

It’s anaerobic, symbiotic, 2 nuclei, no mitochondria, multiple flagella,
It’s an example Diplomonads

Question 9

What are unique Parablasalids:

Answer 9

They have Flagella and undulating membrane that is used for motility.

Question 10

Give an example of Parablasalids

Answer 10

Trichomonas Vaginalis,

It’s sexually transmitted and infects the vagina and urethra.

Question 11

What belongs in Phylum Euglenozoa?

Answer 11

Non-parasitic photosynthetic forms, typically have flagella ie) Euglena

Question 12

What is a kinetoplastids?

Answer 12

These organisms have a single lg mitochondria. The kinetoplast stain darkly

Question 13

What is an example of Trypanosomes:

Answer 13

Trypanosoma brucei: causes African sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma Cruzi: causes Chagas’ disease

Question 14

How does Trypanosma brucei cause infection?

Answer 14

T.brucei is transmitted by tsetse fly. The Tsetse fly normally only feeds off of wild life. Humans are incidental hosts.

Question 15

What disease does Trypanosoma cruzi casue?

Answer 15

It can cause Chagas’ disease. (Found in the America’s)
Transmitted by Triomine (kissing bug) the triatomine bug will bit while sleeping. If get fecus and scratch it into the bite can enter the blood. Also transferred via blood transfusion.

Question 16

What belongs in the Phylum alveolata?

Answer 16

Dinoflagellates and Apicomplexa

Question 17

What is Dinoflagellates?

Answer 17

Photosynthetic phytoplankton. Can produce toxins->paralytic shellfish poisoning (Shellfish eats to many and humans eat it and get the toxin)

Question 18

What is unique about apicomplexa?

Answer 18

Apicomplexa= apical complex. Used to penetrate into a cell (Sporozoites)
Exclusively parasite of animals. They have intricate life cycles with both sexual and asexual phases.

Question 19

What is unique about plasmodium?

Answer 19

Plasmodium= malaria in humans.
Transmitted by anopheles.
Cyclic fevers. Caused by 4 different species: P.falciparum, P.vivx, P.ovale, & P.malariae

Question 20

Describe Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 20

Lifecycle typically between cats and rodents. Causes behaviour change. Get from consuming cat feces. The cysts are very sticky. Humans are incidental hosts. Very dangerous of pregnant women.

Question 21

Describe Crytosporidium parvum

Answer 21

Crytosporidium parvum is transmitted in water contaminated with feces causes diarrhea. Forms oocysts that are resistant to chlorine

Question 22

How do amoebas move?

Answer 22

They move using pseudopodia. (False feet)

Question 23

What is Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 23

Causes is amoebic dysentery, transited in unsanitry water. Cysts survive outside host in moist/wet places.

Question 24

What do Acanthamoeba species do?

Answer 24

They can causes eye infection through an improperly sterilized contact lens.

Question 25

What is the study of Fungi?

Answer 25

Mycology

Question 26

How are fungi identified?

Answer 26

By appearance, rxn to stains, biochemical tests

Question 27

What do mycelium (hyphae) do?

Answer 27

They secrete digestive enzymes into there environment and bring in individual molecules inside

Question 28

Mass of Hyphae =

Answer 28

Mycelium

Question 29

What are haustoria?

Answer 29

Projections from the hyphae of parasitic fungi used to penetrate host cells

Question 30

Describe mold.

Answer 30

Branches are loose, contains mycelium (mass of hyphae) (fuzz) Produce asexual spore forming bodies Can reproduces sexually Ie) Penicillium species

Question 31

How does yeast reproduce?

Answer 31

Unequal mitosis = daughter cell only gets a little bit most stays with the parent cell. This is called budding.

Question 32

What are some examples of yeast?

Answer 32

Candida albicans-> thrush or vaginal yeast infections.

Question 33

What does it mean to be a Dimorphic Pathogenic Fungi?

Answer 33

That it has two forms. One is as mold/hyphal/filamentous or as yeast

Question 34

What is an example of a dimorphic pathogenic fungi?

Answer 34

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 35

Fungal infection =

Answer 35

Mycolic

Question 36

What are animal-like protists called?

Answer 36

Protozoa

Question 37

Give an example of Diplomonadida and what are its primary characteristics:

Answer 37

Giardia: Loss of mitochondria, two nuclei

Question 38

Give an example of Parabasala and a characteristic

Answer 38

Trichomonas: loss of mitochondria, undulating membrane

Question 39

Give an example of Kinetoplstida and a characteristic

Answer 39

Trypanosma: kinetoplast

Question 40

Give a characteristic of dinoflagellata

Answer 40

Armor of cellulose plates

Question 41

Give an example and a characteristic of Apicomplexa

Answer 41

An apical complex: plasmodium, toxoplasma, Crytosporidium

Question 42

Give an example and a characteristic of amoebazoa

Answer 42

They move/feed using pseudopodia. Eg) Entamoeba.

Question 43

Explain the difference between telemorphic and anamorphic

Answer 43

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage, typically a fruiting body. Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage, often mold-like; When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Question 44

How would you define a protist?

Answer 44

Typically microscopic & unicellular, cells are highly organized with nucleus and organelles. It’s an Eukaryotic organism that neither an animal, plant or fungi.

Question 45

How would you describe a fungi cell?

Answer 45

It’s a Eukaryotic cell: hetertrophic uses both asexual (budding) and sexual means for reproduction. Can produce spores. Use exotoxins to digest and than absorb nutrients from its envrionement