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MEB Biyoloji > Sinav 1 > Flashcards

Sinav 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The parts of a neuron

A

Dendrite, nucleus, soma, axon, myelin sheath, node of ranvier, Schwann cell, axon terminal

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2
Q

What do they do Schwann cells

A

Produce myelin sheath

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3
Q

Neuron classifications

A

Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), interneurons

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4
Q

What do different neurons do

A

Sensory - carry impulse from receptor to CNS
Motor - carry impulse from CNS to an effector organ
Interneurons - found in the CNS where interpretation of stimuli occurs. Provides link between sensory and motor neurons.

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5
Q

Neuroglia

A

Supporting cells of neurons

Provide support and nutrition to neurons

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6
Q

Microglia

A

The immune system of the CNS.

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7
Q

Impulse

A

Electrochemical change on neurons resulting from inner / external changes and effects

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8
Q

Threshold

A

Is an a level that if reached, something occurs

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9
Q

All or none principle

A

If a threshold is reached is produces the same input on neuron

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals released from a neuron into the synaptic cleft and binds on the receptor of post synaptic neuron, therefore initiates stimulus

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11
Q

Resting potential

A

The difference in charge across a membrane when the neuron is not firing. The inside is more negative.

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12
Q

Polarization

A

The resting potential that is generated by a neuron through the use of electronegativity

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13
Q

Action potential

A

Rapid changes when a neuron fires

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14
Q

Depolarization

A

When stimuli is received, the neuron opens sodium channels at the axon

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15
Q

Threshold potential

A

The level of depolarization to initiate an action potential.

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16
Q

Threshold potential can also be called

A

All of none principle

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17
Q

Repolarization phase

A

Returns membrane potential to its original state

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18
Q

Draw picture of polarization, depolarization and repolarization

A

Look at page 5

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19
Q

Neurotransmitter types

A

Excitory neurotransmitters = enhances the effect of the action potential
Inhibitory neurotransmitters = prevents the action potential

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20
Q

Ranvier node number, thickness of nerve and myelin sheath affect on impulse speed

A

Thickness and myelin sheath are proportional

Ranvier node number is inverse proportional

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21
Q

During transmission of impulse

A

ATP usage increases
Cellular respiration increases
Heat increases
Glucose o2 decreases, co2 increases

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22
Q

Impulse number increases with

A

Strength of stimuli
Frequency of stimuli
Duration of stimuli

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23
Q

Polarization properties

A

Active transportation

ATP usage

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24
Q

In nerve bundles, how does stimuli affect response and why

A

Because of neurons with different thresholds, the strength of the impulse increases with stimuli

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25
Q

Process of synaptic transmission

A

Signal arrives axon terminal, calcium gate opens, calcium enters neuron and signals the neurotransmitter vesicles, the vesicles dock at the membrane to open neurotransmitter release, neurotransmitters are released via exocytosis, neurotransmitters bind to receptors, signal initiated in the post synaptic cell

26
Q

Multicellular animals must maintain an internal environment and respond to an external environment. What do they use and what are the functions of them

A

Nervous system and endocrine system
Nervous system
Receive input, integrate input, respond to stimulus.

27
Q

Skull, … , …. , …. , brain

A

Dura matter, arachnoid matter (no blood vessels), , cerebrospinal fluid, Pia matter (blood vessels)

28
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

29
Q

Brain

A

Forebrain, mid brain, hind brain

30
Q

Forebrain

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon

31
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

32
Q

Hind brain

A

Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons

33
Q

Cerebrum does what

A

Learning memory intelligence

34
Q

Outer part contains

A

Gray matter (unmyelinated axons, somas, dendrites)

35
Q

Inner part contains

A

White matter (primarily myelinated axons)

36
Q

Corpus callasum

A

Connects the 2 hemispheres

37
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis ( hunger, sleep, thirst, temperature, blood pressure)

Pituary gland (links nervous system with endocrine system)

38
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for sensory input (except smell)

39
Q

Epithalamus

A

secrets melatonin with the help of pituary gland

40
Q

Midbrain

A

Muscle tone posture and reflex center for visual and auditory responses

41
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates muscle action, posture, balance

42
Q

Medulla oblangata

A

Vital reflexes ( vomiting, coughing,hiccuping)
Regulated heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure
The neural pathways cross at here

43
Q

Pons

A

Connects the 2 hemispheres impulses

44
Q

Innate reflex

A

Genetic, swallowing, blinking, sucking your thumb

45
Q

Acquired reflex

A

Walking,playing an instrument, driving, salivating from lemons

46
Q

PNS

A

Somatic

Autonomic

47
Q

Somatic

A

Voluntary actions, myelinated neurons

48
Q

Autonomic

A

Cardiac, smooth muscles and glands

49
Q

Gland types

A

Exocrine , endocrine

50
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Are released to the blood stream directly (pituitary, thyroid, thymus…

51
Q

Expcrine glands

A

Released onto target organ or tissue through the use of a canal or duct
Sweat glands, salivatory glands

52
Q

Endocrine system and nervous system

A

Growth of body
Regulating Reproduction and secondary sex charesteristics
Stabilize homeostasis
Integration and coordination of the body

53
Q

Hormone charesteristics

A

Endocrine glands, in blood stream
Organic
In the blood in essential amounts
Only effective when they reach a certain concentration
Some hormones affect certain tissue but some affect the entire body (throxin)

54
Q

Neuroglia CNS

A

Ependymal
Oligodendrites
Astrocytes
Microglia

55
Q

Neuroglia PNS

A

Satellite cells

Schwann cells

56
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Fit in cavities of cns

57
Q

Oligodendrites

A

Produce myelinated sheath

58
Q

Microglia

A

Nutrition and immunity from pathogens

59
Q

Astrocytes

A

Material exchange
Provides blood brain barrier
Prevents harmful materials from entering

60
Q

Schwann cells

A

PNS myelinated sheath

61
Q

Satellite cells

A

Physical protection in PNS

62
Q

Meninges

A

Dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia matter

MEB Biyoloji (1 decks)

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