Sing L6

Question 1

what are the beta-lactam classes?

Answer 1

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactam

Question 2

what are the anti-staphylococcal penicllins?

Answer 2

nafcillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
methicillin

Question 3

what are the first generation cephalosporins?

Answer 3

cefazolin
cephalexin

Question 4

what are the second generation cephalosporins and the 2 groups

Answer 4

true penicillins: cefuroxime
cefamycins: cefotetan and cefoxitin

Question 5

what are the third generation cephalosporins?

Answer 5

ceftriaxone
cefotaxime
ceftazidime
cefdinir
cefpodoxime

Question 6

what are the fourth generation cephalosporins?

Answer 6

cefepime

Question 7

what are the fifth generation cephalosporins?

Answer 7

ceftaroline fosamil

Question 8

what are the sixth generation cephalosporins?

Answer 8

ceftazidime/avibactam
ceftolozane/tazobactam

Question 9

what are the siderophore cephalosporins?

Answer 9

cefiderocol

Question 10

what are the carbapenems?

Answer 10

ertapenem
meropenem
doripenem
imipenem and cilastatin

Question 11

what are the carbapenem + BLI combos?

Answer 11

meropenem/vaborbactam
imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam

Question 12

what is the monobactam?

Answer 12

aztreonam

Question 13

what is the glycopeptide?

Answer 13

vancomycin

Question 14

what are the lipoglycopeptides?

Answer 14

telavancin
dalbavancin
oritavanci

Question 15

what is the lipopeptide?

Answer 15

daptomycin

Question 16

what are the polymyxins?

Answer 16

colistimethate
polymyxin B

Question 17

what is the MOA of cilastatin?

Answer 17

a dehydropeptidase inhibitor, which prolongs the activity and decrease the nephrotoxicity of imipenem

Question 18

what is the MOA of glycopeptides and lipogylcopeptides?

Answer 18

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine

Question 19

what is the MOA of lipopeptide?

Answer 19

binds to components of the gram-positive cell membrane, which causes rapid depolarization and cell death

Question 20

what is the MOA of polymyxins?

Answer 20

acts as a cationic detergent that damages the bacterial cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria. This leads to a leakage of cellular contents out of the cell and cell death

Question 21

what is the MOA of fosfomycin?

Answer 21

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting pyruval transferase

Question 22

which beta-lactam is available PO but should not be used PO?

Answer 22

ampicillin

Question 23

beta-lactams, glycopeptides, lipoglycopeptides, lipopeptide, polymyxins, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin are all bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 23

bactericidal

Question 24

which classes are time-dependent?

Answer 24

beta-lactams

Question 25

which classes are AUC:MIC dependent?

Answer 25

glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides

Question 26

what is the bioavailability for vanco?

Answer 26

very poor PO is only used to treat C. diff

Question 27

which classes are concentation-depedent?

Answer 27

lipopeptide polymyxins

Question 28

all beta-lactams lack activity against what type of bacteria?

Answer 28

atypicals

Question 29

natural penicillins cover what gram positives?

Answer 29

streptococci enterococci anaerobes

Question 30

natural penicillins are the DOC for what organisms?

Answer 30

syphilis

Question 31

for aminopenicillins coverage against what is added vs natural penicillins?

Answer 31

listeria monocytogenes (helpful in meningiitis)

Question 32

for aminopenicillins better coverage against what gram-positive vs. natural penicillin

Answer 32

entercoccus

Question 33

antistaphylococcal penicillins add coverage against what gram-positive?

Answer 33

MSSA

Question 34

extended spectrum penicillins with the addition of BLI adds coverage against what types of organisms?

Answer 34

HNPEK (haemophilus, Neisseria, proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella)

Question 35

Zosyn has additional coverage against what organisms vs. the other agents in this group?

Answer 35

pseudomonas

Question 36

all cephalosporins lack coverage against what organism?

Answer 36

enterococcus

Question 37

most cephalosporins lack active against what type of organisms? except which agents

Answer 37

MRSA (except ceftaroline) and most have non against anaerobes (except cefamycin)

Question 38

earlier generations of cephalosporins have more gram positive or negative activity?

Answer 38

positive

Question 39

what cephalosporins cover pseudomonas?

Answer 39

ceftazidime cefepime

Question 40

first generation cephalosporins cover what gram-positives?

Answer 40

MSSA and streptococci

Question 41

first generation cephalosporins cover what gram-negatives?

Answer 41

PEK (proteus, E. coli, klebsiella)

Question 42

second generation cephalosporins add coverage against what (vs 1st gen)?

Answer 42

HNPEK (haemophilus, Neisseria, proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella)

Question 43

cefamycins also add coverage against what organism?

Answer 43

anaerobic