Sino-Soviet relations, 1949-1976 Flashcards
(51 cards)
When was the Treaty of Friendship signed?
1950.
When did Khrushchev deliver his Secret Speech?
1956.
Who did the Treaty of Friendship benefit more?
The Soviet Union.
When did the USSR pull economic aid and advisers from China?
1960.
When was the Sino-Soviet agreement on atomic cooperation cancelled by the USSR?
1959.
When did the battle of the Ussuri River happen? Why?
- Chinese soldiers attacked Soviet border guards.
When did Kissinger visit China?
1971.
How did China try to undermine Soviet influence in Eastern Europe in the early 60s?
They encouraged Romania to distance itself from the Soviet Union and financially supported Albania after it left the USSR.
When did China become communist?
1949.
Did Stalin consider China as an equal communist power?
No.
Why had Stalin been reluctant to support the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War?
Because he felt that the nationalists offered a better defence against the Japanese expansion that was happening in China.
Who did the USSR give aid to during the Chinese Civil War?
The Guomindang (Chinese nationalists)
What were the terms of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1950? (The treaty of friendship)
-A formal alliance between both countries
-Economic aid for China, most of it was used to buy equipment for defence industries
-Soviet military aid in case of attack from Japan or the USA
-Soviet promise to restore Chinese sovereignty over the province of Manchuria
-Agreement to ban all non-soviet foreigners from Manchuria
Why did Mao not think North Korea taking military action against the South in 1950 was a good idea?
He feared it would mobilise the US and make them a bigger presence in the region. This would jeopardise Mao’s plans to invade Taiwan.
What were some things that China wanted but didn’t get with the 1950 Treaty?
-Mongolia (it remained in the Soviet sphere of influence)
-Stalin refused to give aid to conquer Taiwan out of fear of provoking the US
-No joint revolutionary strategy was devised for East Asia.
Why did Stalin not want soviet forces directly involved in the Korean War?
He feared US interference.
Why did Mao support the civil war in Korea?
-Threat of US action in China
-Debt owed to NK volunteers
-Opportunity to show China’s credentials as a world revolutionary force
Explain how Stalin used the domino theory to convince Mao to take action in North Korea.
He claimed that if North Korea fell to capitalism, a reverse domino theory would happen and the region would be in danger. He got his way and China got involved in the conflict.
When did Chinese forces become involved in the Korean War?
October 1950.
What were Mao’s feelings towards the USSR and Stalin?
He felt inequality but also a moral superiority.
Did Stalin care about spreading communism in East Asia?
No. He didn’t directly involve Soviet troops and overruled Mao when he deemed it necessary.
When did the Taiwan Straits crises happen?
1954-55 and 1958.
Why was control over the Taiwan Straits so important for Mao?
After the revolution, the remains of the Guomindang fled there. In Mao’s eyes, Chinese liberation was not complete without control over the Straits.
What was SEATO?
Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation.
