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Sistema Financiero de Mexico Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of the term ‘sistema’?

A

Conjunto de cosas que, ordenadamente relacionadas entre sí, contribuyen a determinado objeto.

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2
Q

What does ‘financiero’ refer to?

A

Perteneciente o relativo a la hacienda pública, a las cuestiones bancarias y bursátiles, o a los grandes negocios mercantiles.

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3
Q

What constitutes the Sistema Financiero Mexicano?

A

Conjunto de instituciones públicas y privadas que regulan y llevan a cabo actividades financieras.

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4
Q

Name three activities carried out by the Sistema Financiero Mexicano.

A
  • Otorgamiento y obtención de créditos
  • Realización de inversiones
  • Prestación de servicios bancarios
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5
Q

What is the primary objective of the Sistema Financiero?

A

Canalización del flujo de ahorro hacia la inversión productiva.

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6
Q

What are the four elements included in the definition of the financial system?

A
  • Objetivo que cumple
  • Leyes y reglamentos que lo regulan
  • Instituciones que lo componen
  • Actividad que desarrollan sus instituciones
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7
Q

What does saving mean in the context of finance?

A

Retener (no gastar) una parte del dinero que se ha ganado.

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8
Q

True or False: The main purpose of saving is to spend it later.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the purpose of investing money?

A

Emplear dinero con la finalidad de obtener un rendimiento.

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10
Q

Differentiate between the two types of investments.

A
  • Inversiones financieras: activos de naturaleza financiera (acciones, bonos)
  • Inversiones reales: activos de naturaleza real (terrenos, construcciones)
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11
Q

Who are typically the savers or financial investors?

A

Individuos y familias que pueden ser solo ahorradores o también inversionistas financieros.

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12
Q

What role does the financial system play in the economy?

A

Capta ahorro del público y lo canaliza hacia la inversión productiva.

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13
Q

List three types of authorities within the Mexican financial system.

A
  • Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (SHCP)
  • Banco de México (BANXICO)
  • Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (CNBV)
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14
Q

What is the main function of the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (SHCP)?

A

Autoridad máxima en cuestiones relacionadas con la Hacienda Pública y el Crédito Público.

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15
Q

What are the principal functions of the Banco de México?

A
  • Proveer a la economía del país de moneda nacional
  • Procurar la estabilidad del poder adquisitivo
  • Regular la emisión y circulación de la moneda
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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The Banco de México is regulated by the _______.

A

Ley del Banco de México

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17
Q

What is the role of the Comisión Nacional para la Protección y Defensa de los Usuarios de Servicios Financieros (CONDUSEF)?

A

Proteger y defender los intereses del público usuario de servicios financieros.

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18
Q

What are the laws that regulate the financial system in Mexico?

A
  • Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles
  • Ley del Banco de México
  • Ley del Mercado de Valores
  • Ley de Protección al Ahorro Bancario
  • Ley de Instituciones de Crédito
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19
Q

What is the CONDUSEF?

A

A public decentralized organization created in 1999 to protect and defend the interests of financial service users

CONDUSEF stands for Comisión Nacional para la Protección y Defensa de los Usuarios de Servicios Financieros.

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20
Q

What is the main objective of CONDUSEF?

A

To promote, advise, protect, and defend the interests of financial service users

Financial services include deposits, credits, securities intermediation, insurance, and guarantees.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The CONDUSEF acts as an ________ in conflicts submitted to its jurisdiction.

A

arbitrator

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22
Q

What are the powers of the CONDUSEF according to Article 11?

A

• Address user inquiries and complaints
• Conduct conciliation and arbitration procedures
• Provide legal orientation and defense for users
• Collaborate with other financial authorities
• Issue recommendations
• Celebrate agreements and conduct studies
• Supervise financial institutions
• Inform the public
• Guide financial institutions
• Request information for procedures
• Determine sanctions and measures

These powers enable CONDUSEF to fulfill its protective role effectively.

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23
Q

What is the role of the IPAB?

A

To protect savings deposited in banks

IPAB stands for Instituto para la Protección al Ahorro Bancario.

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24
Q

What year was the IPAB created?

A

1999

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25
What are the main objectives of the IPAB as per Article 67?
• Provide a system that guarantees payment through subsidiary assumption of obligations • Administer financial recovery programs for savers ## Footnote These objectives help to safeguard the national payment system.
26
What are the functions of the CNBV?
• Regulate and supervise financial entities • Ensure stability and proper functioning of the financial system • Monitor compliance with laws • Investigate suspected infractions • Impose administrative sanctions ## Footnote CNBV stands for Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores.
27
What year was the CNBV established?
1995
28
What does the CNSF oversee?
Insurance and bonding institutions ## Footnote CNSF stands for Comisión Nacional de Seguros y Fianzas.
29
What is the mission of the CNSF?
To guarantee that authorized institutions comply with laws and to promote healthy development of the insurance and bonding sectors ## Footnote This mission aims to extend service coverage to a larger population.
30
What are some functions of the CNSF?
• Authorize insurance intermediaries • Supervise the solvency of insurance institutions • Support the development of the insurance and bonding sectors ## Footnote These functions help maintain the integrity of the financial services provided.
31
What year was the CNSF created?
1990
32
What does CONSAR stand for?
Comisión Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro
33
What is the primary role of CONSAR?
To oversee the retirement savings system ## Footnote CONSAR was created in 1994.
34
True or False: Users must submit complaints to CONDUSEF within one year of the incident.
True
35
What are the two types of supervision conducted by the CNBV?
• Extra-situ supervision • In-situ supervision ## Footnote Extra-situ involves off-site monitoring, while in-situ involves direct inspection of institutions.
36
What is the purpose of the CONDUSEF's conciliatory procedure?
To resolve conflicts between users and financial institutions ## Footnote This process is aimed at amicable resolutions.
37
What does the term 'arbitral judgment' refer to in the context of CONDUSEF?
The decision made by CONDUSEF as an arbitrator in financial disputes ## Footnote This judgment is binding on the parties involved.
38
¿Cuál es el objetivo principal de la Comisión Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (CONSAR)?
Establecer mecanismos, criterios y procedimientos para el funcionamiento de los sistemas de ahorro para el retiro ## Footnote La CONSAR se creó en 1994 como un órgano administrativo desconcentrado de la SHCP.
39
¿Qué facultades tiene la CONSAR?
* Expedir disposiciones generales para los sistemas de ahorro para el retiro * Otorgar, modificar o revocar autorizaciones a AFORE's y SIEFORE's * Imponer multas y sanciones * Actuar como órgano de consulta para dependencias públicas * Dar a conocer reportes sobre comisiones y situación financiera ## Footnote La CONSAR también efectúa la inspección y vigilancia de las instituciones de crédito y sociedades de inversión.
40
¿Qué son las instituciones de crédito?
Son entidades que prestan el servicio de banca y crédito, reguladas por la Ley de Instituciones de Crédito ## Footnote Incluyen instituciones de banca múltiple y de desarrollo.
41
¿Cuáles son las principales actividades de las instituciones de crédito?
* Operaciones pasivas o de captación de recursos * Operaciones activas o de colocación de recursos * Prestación de servicios ## Footnote Estas actividades están reguladas para proteger los intereses del público.
42
¿Qué prohíbe el artículo 106 de la Ley de Instituciones de Crédito?
* Dar en garantía sus propiedades * Dar en prenda títulos y valores de su cartera * Operar sobre títulos representativos de su capital * Celebrar operaciones con condiciones significativamente apartadas del mercado * Aceptar o pagar documentos en descubierto ## Footnote Estas prohibiciones buscan proteger la especialización y solvencia de las instituciones.
43
¿Qué son las instituciones de banca múltiple?
Sociedades anónimas de capital fijo autorizadas por la SHCP, que canalizan el ahorro hacia la inversión ## Footnote También ofrecen una amplia gama de servicios financieros.
44
¿Cuáles son las funciones de las instituciones de banca de desarrollo?
* Actuar como agente financiero del Gobierno * Proveer asistencia técnica y financiamiento * Promover el mercado de valores * Apoyar a la pequeña y mediana empresa * Promover el desarrollo rural ## Footnote Estas instituciones son importantes para el desarrollo económico del país.
45
¿Qué es la Ley General de Organizaciones y Actividades Auxiliares del Crédito?
Regula la organización y funcionamiento de intermediarios no bancarios considerados como organizaciones auxiliares del crédito ## Footnote Estos intermediarios operan bajo la supervisión de la CNBV.
46
¿Qué son los almacenes generales de depósito?
Sociedades anónimas autorizadas que almacenan y manejan bienes o mercancías bajo custodia ## Footnote Pueden otorgar financiamientos con la garantía de estos bienes.
47
¿Qué es un contrato de arrendamiento financiero?
Un contrato mediante el cual una arrendadora financiera concede el uso temporal de bienes a un arrendatario ## Footnote Al final del contrato, el arrendatario puede comprar el bien o prorrogar el arrendamiento.
48
¿Qué son las sociedades de ahorro y préstamo?
Personas morales no lucrativas que captan recursos de sus socios y otorgan créditos ## Footnote Su responsabilidad se limita al pago de aportaciones y requieren autorización de la SHCP.
49
¿Cuál es la principal finalidad de las uniones de crédito?
Facilitar el uso de crédito a sus socios, que son empresas ## Footnote Pueden otorgar crédito directamente o prestar garantías en créditos con terceros.
50
¿Qué es el factoraje financiero?
Actividad donde una empresa adquiere derechos de crédito basados en bienes y servicios proporcionados a terceros ## Footnote Se formaliza mediante un contrato de factoraje financiero.
51
What is a financial factoring company?
A company that acquires the credit rights from its client, who can be a legal or natural person engaged in business activities. ## Footnote The client cedes the rights of their accounts receivable to the factoring company.
52
Who is the client in a financial factoring arrangement?
The entity that cedes its accounts receivable rights to the factoring company. ## Footnote The client can be either a legal or natural person.
53
Who is the debtor in a financial factoring agreement?
The person who will pay the documents ceded to the factoring company. ## Footnote The debtor is typically the customer of the client.
54
What is 'factoraje sin recurso'?
A type of factoring where the client is not obligated to respond for the payment of the ceded credit rights. ## Footnote Also known as pure factoring.
55
What does 'factoraje con recurso' mean?
A type of factoring where the client is jointly liable with the debtor for the timely payment of the ceded credit rights.
56
What are sociedades financieras de objeto limitado (SOFOLES)?
Limited purpose financial companies authorized by the SHCP to raise funds and grant loans for specific sectors. ## Footnote Examples include construction and automotive sectors.
57
What is a 'casa de cambio'?
A company authorized by the SHCP to regularly buy, sell, and exchange currencies within the national territory.
58
List some operations performed by casas de cambio.
* Purchase and sale of banknotes and coins * Purchase and sale of travelers' checks in foreign currency * Purchase of sight documents in foreign currency * Currency transfers through credit institutions
59
What are 'centros cambiarios'?
Entities that perform auxiliary credit activities, specifically currency exchange, limited to certain operations without needing SHCP authorization.
60
What operations can centros cambiarios perform?
* Purchase and sale of banknotes in legal currency * Purchase and sale of coins * Purchase and sale of travelers' checks in foreign currency * Purchase of sight documents in foreign currency up to $10,000
61
What are sociedades de información crediticia (SIC's)?
The only entities allowed to collect, manage, and provide credit history information of individuals and businesses.
62
What is required for a SIC to operate?
Authorization from the Federal Government, granted by the SHCP, after consulting the Bank of Mexico and CNBV.
63
True or False: SIC's must adhere to the Law for the Regulation of Credit Information Societies.
True.

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