Site Planning Flashcards
(455 cards)
1
Q
What city separated housing and industry with beltway?
A
Howard’s Garden city
2
Q
Convex slope
A
Distance between contour lines increase toward the top of hill
3
Q
Concave slope
A
The distance berween contour lines increase towards base of the hill
4
Q
Ideal city of Le Corbusier
A
Chandigarh based on 4 major functions: living, working, care if body and spirit, circulation
Unfinished concrete and expose brick
Like Alton housing estate
Brasilia by lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer
Ideal city called Chaux by Ledoux
5
Q
Determine roof gutter size
A
Size of roof area to be drained
Maximum recorded local railfall
6
Q
Metes and bounds survey
A
Identify length and compass orientation if each property line
7
Q
Setback is addressed by
A
Zoning code
8
Q
Purpose of creating artificial flood plain?
A
To reclaim buildable land that was previously part of natural flood plain by leveesخاکریز and berms
9
Q
Peat
A
مواد گیاهی به طور بخشی فاسد شده در باتلاقها و مردابها، یکی از اولین مراحل تشکیل زغال سنگ .
10
Q
Five basic elements make one’s image of urban environment according to kevin lynch book image of the city
A
Path Edge District Node Landmark
11
Q
Slope stake
A
A marker used to identify where cut or fills meet the original grade
12
Q
Which parking layout allows for max quantity of stalls
A
90’
13
Q
Five methods of improving soil bearing capacity
A
Fill: poor soil replace with appropriate soil
Compaction
Densification: use heavy pounding piles vibration or weight to compact and fill voids
Surcharging: adding fill to existing soil
Mixing: addition of sand or gravel to soil
14
Q
Riparian rights
A
وابسته بکنار رودخانه،
Refer to water rights
15
Q
Sheepsfoot
A
غلتک پاچه بزی
A tamping- roller with large teeth used to increase soil stability and bearing capacity used during compaction process
16
Q
Ahwahnee principles
A
1991 in hotel architects presented how urban and suburban planning should follow certain fundamentals about community size, integration, transportation, open space, .. Also regional principles as well as guidelines for governing new growth
17
Q
Hannover principles
A
For expo 2000 at world fair in hannover william mcdonough presented a living document called design fir sustainability.
18
Q
Ft2 per car for parking and circulation
A
400 ft2
19
Q
Standard parking stall dimension
A
8-9 ‘ * 18-20’
20
Q
Min width if two way main aisle between 90 parking stalls
A
20’
21
Q
Compact parking stall dimension
A
7-6” to 8’ wide 16’-18’ long
22
Q
Min distance between driveway and intersection depending on speed and capacity of road
A
50’-200’
23
Q
Accessible parking stall width
A
8’ with 5’ for an aisle
Van: 8’ with 8’ aisle
24
Q
Min width of two way diveway
A
16’
25
Min angle of a road at an intersection
70
26
Min width of oneway driveway
10'
27
Urban plan form of Philadelphia
Gridiron street system
| Incorporates public parks and open spaces as well as uniform spacing and setbacks
28
Equinox
Vernal: march 21
Autumnal: sep 22
29
Solstice
Summer solstice: june 21
| Winter solstice: dec 22
30
Layout of central park by Law Olmstead 1857 example of which landsape design style
Picturesque
Characterized by wild ruggedness ناهمواری، پستی و بلندی
Asymetrical combinations of form and variet if texture
31
Min slope underground pipe
0.3%
32
Drain inlet
Allow stormwater to run directly into storm sewer
33
Catch basin
Has a sump گودال
| Debris will settle
34
Manhole
Where sewer change direction
| Every 500 ft (152m )
35
Runoff coefficient
Fraction of water not absorbed
36
Min slope of bldg sewer
0.5-2%
37
Min one way street
| Min two way
12 ft
| 24 ft
38
Min from public intersection
150 ft
39
Cul de sac turn around radius
40ft
40
Slope from center of road(crown) to side
1/4" per ft or 20 mm per m
41
Gutter height in roads
6"
42
Sidewalk width beside parking
Min 6'
43
Max slope walk at bldgs
4%
44
Max slope disabled ramp
| Min width
1 ft in 12 ft
| 3'
45
Handrail req on both side if rise is >
6'
46
Extend handrail.... Beyond top and bot of ramp
1'
47
Stairs
Handrail over..... Risers
Rise min... Max....
Tread .... For 6"
4
4-6"
14"
48
Ex stairs
| Min ... Max .... Risers between landing
3-10
49
Car stall
9 by 19
50
Disable access aisle width
Van accesible aisle width
Paved parking drainage slope min max
5'
8'
1.5-5% calculation 2-3
51
Albedo
Portion of radiant energy that is reflected as it falls on the surface
52
Grass, shrub, ...., albedo of the site
Lower
53
Planting strip in parking area with trees min.... Wide
| Min.... Grass or ground cover
7'
| 4'
54
Property is often described by
Lot number within a subdivision
55
Metes and bounds
Property description
| Description starts at one point of property and describes length and direction of each line
56
Property line bearing
Refered to by number of degrees, minutes, seconds the line is located either east or west of north south line
57
One acre ..... Ft2
43560
58
One section
1 mile by 1 mile
..... Acre
640
59
1 hectare ..... M2
10000
60
Star shape city
Bastion....
Moat....
سنگر
| خندق
61
Renaissance city
Plan combined symetrical order w radial layout
62
Christopher wren
Rebuild london after fire 1666
63
Haussman
Paris
64
London
Main avenue link major religious a commercial
| Superimposed on a gridiron plan for the streets
65
Paris
Streight arterial شريانى boulevard connect principal historic bldg
Create Vista دورنما
66
Camille sitte
Curving irregular street
T intersection
Create civic space around pinwheel
67
Howard garden city
Best known result of reform movement
1898
6000 acte land privately owned by resident
68
Cite industrielle by Tony Garnier
1917
Separate zone for resid, public, industrial, ageiculture
Linked by separate circulation path for vehic and pedestrian
Bldg place on long narrow lots with ample open space between them
Zoning idea
Zoning idea
69
Philadelphia
Typical of early town
1682
Based on gridiron street system w regularly planed public openspace
Uniform spacing and setback pf bldgs
70
Savanah georgia
1733
Based on ward of 40 house lot bounded by major street in a grid system contained an interior square two side reserve for public use
71
Ordinance of 1785
| Rectangular survey system of US
Country divided grid 24 mile square
16 township 6 mile on a side
Divided to 36 1 mile section
72
Pierre charles lenfant
Washington dc
| Based on renaisanse and baroque diagonal and radial
73
Fredricj law olmsted
New york central park 1850
74
Columbian composition on chicago start ..... Movement
Daniel burnham, jahn root and olmsted
Group classical bldgs symetrically around formal court of honor reflectin pool and large promenade
Start city beautiful movement
75
Who planed for broadacre city
Wright
| Every home situated on atleast one acre of land
76
City consist of office and housing towers surrounded by large green space
Le corbusier
77
Urban development patterns
```
Grid
Star
Field
Satellite
Megalopolis
```
78
Grid system
Philadelphia
| Smaller cities
79
Field pattern
Development in an amorphous بي شكل
Network of highways and natural feature
Los angeles
80
Satellite pattern
Outer core connects with road system beltway
| Houston
81
Five basic elements of urban image according to kevin lynch
```
Path
District
Landmark
Edge
Nodes
```
82
Planned Unit Development
| PUD
```
Extension of super block
Large piece of land have mix of use
More efficient use of land
Allow extra land to open space
Variety of housing options
Variety of urban living
```
83
Sociopetal
| Sociofugal
Bring people together
| Opposite
84
Defensible space
Oscar newman
85
CPTED
Crime prevention through environmental design
86
Original concept of neigborhood
Clarence perry 1929
Community center of neigborhood activity
District surrounded by major streets rather than intersected with them
87
Water table
Level underground in which soil is saturated with water
88
Runoff coefficient
Fraction of total precipitation not absorbed into ground
89
Layers of soil from top to bottom
Top soil. Mix of mineral abd organic
Mostly mineral
Fractured and weathered parent mat
Soil bedrock
90
Soil is classified according to
Grain size
| Organic inorganic
91
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay
> 2 mm
0.05< >2 mm
0.002< > 0.05 invisible
< 0.002
92
Silt is syable when
Dry or damp
Unstable when wet
Swell and heave when frozen
93
Clay...... When wet
Expands
| Poor for foundation unless dry
94
Must be removed from site and replace with gravel and sand
Peat زغال سنگ كود گياهى
95
Roads
Local
Collector
Arterial
Expressway
96
Min of ..... Between curves in opposite direction
| Min of ..... Between curves in same direction
100'
200'
97
Streets < ...: grade
10%
98
Loading berth سكو dimensions
10-12' wide
40' tool
14' h
Min turning radius 60
99
Sanitary sewers/storm sewers/water main located ....: the road
Electric/communication lines ..... The road
Gas lines
Underc
Adjacent
Under or next to it within a right of way
100
Lower latitutes .... Than higher latitute
Warmer
101
Not built on wetland or site within .... Of wetlands
Elevation lower than .... Above ... Year flood plain
100'
5'. 100
102
Limit site disturbance to
.... Beyond bldg parametr
.... Beyond primary curbs and walk
..... Beyond constructed area with permeable surface
40'
5'
25'
103
Closed depression in earth from which water can escape only to soil
Infiltration basin
104
Amount of land that can be covered determined by
Floor area ratio
| Set back
105
Floor area ratio
Ratio of gross floor areas to area of lot
106
Variance
Deviation from zoning regulation
107
Right of one party to use a portion of the land of another party in a particular way
Easement
Utility/access/support/joint
108
Legal right of one party or public to traverse land belonging to another
Right of way
109
Three way land is valued
Market
Income
Cost
110
Tax rate are based on
Mill levy
| Assessed value* mill levy = yearly tax
111
Lcc
| Lca
Life cycle cost
Evaluate economic perfo of material over service life
Life cycle assesment
Evaluate environmental impact from initial to disposal
112
General tax
Property tax
Special sales tax
Any tax imposed for general governmental purpose
Tax based on value if propert
Tax imposed for specific purpose or by a single purpose authority req makority vote of people in district
113
Test for bearing capacity
Borings حفارى
| Test pit
114
Test pits
Visual inspection
Open pit limit on depth 10'
Soil test request by architect paid by owner not part of contract doc
115
Specific gravity used to determine void ratio
Determine compressibility of the soil
116
Drainage ..... % away at building
Ditch .....
Grassy slope max ....
Underground storage min .....
2%
2-10%
Max 25%
Min 0.3%
117
Gravel. Organic
Sand. Peat خاك نباتى
Silt. Well graded
Clay. Poorly graded
Cobble نخته سنگ
118
These values give compaction and compressibility values for cohesive soil
Liquid and plastic limits
119
Used to determine void ratio so compressibility of the soil
Specific gravity
120
Shear strength for cohesive soil is measured from this value
Unconfined compression
121
Soils are classified according to
Unified soil classification system
122
Bearing capacity are generally specified by...... Based on soil type
Building code
123
Foundations below groundwater line subjected to....
Hydrostatic pressure
124
If narrow long excavation is done for pioing or narrow footing and foundation walls
Trenching
125
Involves moving of soil prior to construction to approx level of final grades
Rough grading
| 6"-1' of desired level
126
Vertical beams and horiz timber
Shoring method
Soldier beams and breast boards
Wide flange soldier beams 6-10' interval
Excavation free
127
Raker
شمع نگهدارنده
128
Method to temp support existing foundation while they r being repaired
Underpinning
129
Land around bldg must be sloped min ....
1/4" per foot
130
Perforated drain tile should be laid around the footing at least .... Below floor slab to collect water
6"
131
Drain tile is set in a gravel setting bed and more gravel is placed above drain
French drain or subdrain
132
If hydrostatic pressure against wall is problem
Layer of gravel place next to wall
| Or open-web matting ( geotextile mat) can be used
133
To relieve pressure against floor slab
Layer of large gravel place below slab
134
Concrete paving min .... Thick
| Expansion joints every ....separated with a ....premolded joint fille
5"
20'
1/2"
135
Asphalt concrete paving include several types of .... Paving
Most common consist of .... And..,, ... Thick
Bituminousقيرى
Asphalt cement and graded aggregates
2-3"
136
Row of tree with H height decrease wind velocity ...% to distance of...
30-40% to 5H
137
Extensive green roof .....
| Intensive
2-3" soil less than 6" deep
| Thicker soil 36"-15'
138
Green roof parts
```
Growth medium
Filter fabric
Drainage
Retention layer
Insulation
Root barrier
Water proof
Structure
```
139
Green roof over.... Roof area
| Leed credit
50%
140
Green roof buildup min ...to parapetجانپناه
2'
141
Not use insulation with....
Cfc or hcfc
| Ozone deplet
142
Transparent insulation
Consist of relatively thick layer of polycarbonate honeycomb mat, acrylic foam or fiberglass sandwich betweel layer of glazing
Can not be used when view is desired
143
Stop heat transfer by convection if an ..., is used instead of vaccum
Inert gas fill
Argon gas
Krypton
144
Glass translucent when reach certain temp
Thermochromic glass
145
Effective aperture
Combine variable of light transmittance and window to wall ratio
0.2-0.3 good daylighting
146
Leed : min glazing factor....% in ....% of all space iccupied
.... Space view to outside
2% in 75%
| 90%
147
Leed credit supply at least ....% energy use with onsite renewable energy systems 1 credit
...% 2credit
....% 3credit
5%
10%
20%
148
Ground source heat pump save.... Energy use for space heating and cooling ..... Water heating
.... Pipe required for every 12000 btu/h of heating or cooling capacity needed
20-50%
149
Ideal angle of pv on roof latitude ....
| Pvs:
+_15
Crystalline
Polycrystalline
Thin film
150
Balance point temp
Outdoor temp when bldg transition from heat need to cool need
151
Effective aperture=.....*.....
Visible transmittance* window to wall ratio
152
Net metering
Requirement that a utility pay and charge equal rates regardless of which way elec flows. Thus excess elec generated with pv r wind can be sold back to utility
153
Shading coefficient
Ratio of solar heat gain through a glazing to the solarheat gain through an unshaded 1/8" thick clear double strength glass
154
Length of cul de sac = ....
| diameter
155
Traffic signal >= .... Vehicle per hour
750
156
Rotated parking angle to east and west<=
40
157
Shopping center .... Ft2 parking for every 1000 ft2 tenant space
3000-4000
158
Car ramps<= ... % slope
15%
159
Car ramp slope> ...% min .... Up and down the slope have .... Slope
10%
8'
1/2 ramp slope
160
Parking area slope for drainage
1-5%
161
Sidewalk >= ... Wide
| Collector walkway >=
5'
| 6-10'
162
Clear floor space require for wheelchair
| Min space req to turn a wc is a circle ... Diameter
4' dar 2.5'
| 5'
163
Walks should have gradient< ..%
| With cross gradient < ...%
5%
| 2%
164
Max length ramp ...' With landing ....'
30'
| 5'
165
Ramps needed for height >=
0.5"
166
Ramp slope<= ....
| Prefered ...
1/12
| 1/16
167
Handrail on each side of ramp if rise>=
| Or run >
6"
| 72"
168
Accesible parking To bldg entrance
200'
169
.... First priority for utilities and the best place .... Of the street
Wastewater lines
| Center
170
Power lines are located
Above ground
171
Water supply systems installed in either.... Pattern or....
Branch
| Gridiron( central feeder or looper feeder)
172
Water main tube size.. In typical residential area
| .... In high density street
6"
| 8"
173
Water meter and shut-off valves are located at ......
Users property line
174
Fire hydrant are .... ' apart in high density district and ....' Apart in suburbs
150'
| 600'
175
Velocity of waste water .... Ft per second
2.5-10
176
Waste water conduit <= .... Length
4'
| 20'
177
Telephone trunk lines are generally placed in.... In...
Underground conduits in street right of way
178
Gas located within the ..... Usually in ....
The street right of way
| In sidewalk area on both sides or in alleys or rear lot easement
179
Avoid building in flood plains below... Year flood elevation
100
180
Drainage pipes larger than 42" in diameter are made of ...
Concrete
181
Water may travel ....' Before reaching a collection point for storm sewer
... Slope
.... Ft per sec
1000'
0.3%
2-10' per second
182
Landuse develipment pattern determined by...
Street systems
183
Advantage of 60 parking
Easier to use
184
Street curb radius>=
12'
185
In southerly latitudes shorter or longer overhang
Shorter
186
Low u value leads to .... Heat loss or gain
Slower
187
Thermal inertia
Ability of materials to store heat
188
Underground water zones:
Vegetation
Aeration
Ground water table
Saturation
189
Aquifer
Underg permeable material through which water flows
| Good aquifer: sand/gravel/sandstone
190
Indigenouss
بومى
191
```
Quicksand
Cobble stone
Hardpan
Boulder
Shale
```
```
ماسه روان
قلوه سنگ
خاك سفت
تخته سنگ
سنگ لوح
```
192
Auger Boring. مته حفارى
Bring up soil samples by means of 2-2.5"
Most effective in sand or clay
depth
193
Wash boring
Bedrock
Problem boulders mistaken for bedrock
> 100'
Material washed up
194
Core boring
Most costly and reliable
Bring complete core of material
Diamond drill
Result in test boring log book
195
```
Specific gravity of soil to determine...
Grain shape to estimate ...
Liquid and plastic limits
Void ratio
Unconfined compression
```
```
Void ratio
Shear strength
To obtain compressability and compaction value
Compressibility
Estimate shear strength
```
196
SC*0.87=
SHGC
197
Areas frost action footings must place at least .... .... The frost line
Building foundation should be .... The water table
1' below
Depth below which soil does not freeze
Above
198
Drainage tile min diameter... Laid in .... At least .... Below lowest floor slab
6" in gravel or porous
| 6"
199
Gutter
Flumes
Berm
Gentle warp of paved space
جوى كنار خيابان
راه آب
هره
انحراف
200
Drainage system ... Year strom for residential
| .... Year storm for shop center
5
| 25-50
201
Min slope for surface drainage...
| Near building....
0.5
| >= 2%
202
Drainage ditch slope....
Grass slope
Unmowed groundغيرهلفى
2-10%
| <=50%
203
Underground drainage conduit slope
>=0.3%
204
Ground surf slope
Level
Easy grade
Steep grade
4-10%
| >10%
205
Grassy recreation area slope...
Walk adjacent to bldg...
Slope of parking area
Streets used by vehicule
<=10%
206
Storm drain....
Sanitary sewer....
Street drainage
Open land drainage
>=0.3%
0.4-1.4%
>=0.5%
>=0.5%
207
Automobile ramp down slope
| Paved walkway side walk
<=10%
208
Topsoil remove .... Before gradind
6"
209
In excavation permanent cut slopes is h= to w=
| Filled slope h= to w=
1 to 1.5
| 1 to 2
210
Earth that is replaced around a foundation after footing and foundation installed
Backfill
| 6-12" in depth
211
Footing is part of the
Foundation
212
One large footing under entire bldg
Mat footing
| Raft foundation
213
Footing in a depth that weight of soil removed= load of bldg
Boat footing
214
Box like struc used where very wet or soft soil encounter
| Method of cons below water table
Caissons
215
Raker
شمع نگهدارنده diagonal bracing
216
Employ to support existing foundation
Underpin. تقويت پى
217
Needling
شمعك زنى
| Page 76
218
Flagstone
سنگفرش
| Thin slabs of slate
219
Weep hole
زهكش
220
Accomodate vertical grade change
Retaining wall
Battered wall ديوار شيبدار
Cribbing
Stone riprap سنگچين
221
Coniferous
| Indigenous
وابسته به كاج
| بومى
222
Systematic method of obtaining optimum value for every dollar spent in all project expenditures
Value analysis
223
Xerophytes
| Hydrophytes
گياه خشكزى
| گياه آبزى
224
1st america zoning ordinance enacted in...
New york 1916 to limit size and shape of new skyscrapers
225
Zoning statutes in 1920s
Physical development divided city into districts of diff use
226
Regulated the height and bulk of bldgs and setback lines
Ordinance if 1920
227
Recognize aesthetic environmental problems and preserve historical sites
Model land development code
228
The volume within which a bldg may be placed
Zoning envelope
229
... Is granted when the literal application of an ordinance would cause an undue hardship in the proposed development of the site
Variance
230
Choice may have to be made between interest of land owner and neighbor
Rezoning
| Rezoning small individual lots is spot zoning
231
Contract zoning
Agreement between developer and local government
232
Bonus or incentive zoning
In some cities zoning req may be waived if developer provide bonus features
233
1991 community pronciples
Ahwahnee principles
234
4 components for every design decision
Cost
Function
Aesthetics
Time
235
Awning
| Trellise
سايبان
| شبكه
236
Organized process to ensure that all bldg systems perform interactively
Commissioning
237
Reactors that combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity heat and water
Fuel cells
238
Soil sand or mud deposited by flowing warer
Alluviumآبرفت
239
The most stable soil type
Bedrock
240
Soft dark soil containing decomposed organic matter poor bearing capacity
Humus گياخاك
241
Rich soil containing equal parts of sand silt and clay
Loam رسماسه
242
The crown of a road points.... On a contour map
Downhill
243
City beatiful movement
By burnham improve morally socially physically decaying cities through beautification and order
First implementation washington dc 1901
244
Number of accessible parking determines by
Total num of p provide
| Type of facility
245
Number of accessible parking for
Hospital outpatient favilities
Rehabilitation and outpatient physical therapy
10%
| 20%
246
French architect beleived in structral rationalism . First restoration architect
Eugene viollet le duc
247
Pioneer in zoning
Tony garnier
248
Who planned washington dc
Pierre charles lenfant
249
Macroclimates
Cool
Temperate
Hot arid
Hot humid
250
Upward movement of soil as a result of moisture absorption
Heaving frost action
251
To avoid heaving
The moisture content of the subsoil should remail constant at the footing the top of footing at frost line
252
Study of living organism in relationship to their environment
Ecology
253
Vertical distance or change in elev between sequential contour lines
Contour interval
254
Four methods of soil testings
Wash boring
Auger boring
Core boring
Test pit
255
An elevated artificial channel that carries fast moving water and is used to transport items such as logs or fish or to divert a stream
Flume نهر پايه دار
256
Water that drains in a thin layer across a sloped surface pavement grass
Sheet flow
257
An embankment levee or dam formed to hold a river ir stream or divert a flow of water
Weir
| سرريز
258
Type of above ground drainage used to control runoff a shalow sloping depression incorporated into landscaping
Swale
259
Consists primarily of particles that are all approx the same size a type of poorly graded soil
Uniformly graded soil
260
Consist of both large and small particles but the continuity of graduation is interrupted typ by absence of intermediate size particles
Type of poorly graded soil
Gap graded soil
261
A horizontal brace of steel or timber used to support sheating holdsver members and form work in line
Wale waler whale
262
Creating shallow excavations used for pouring small footings and foundation walls or provide drainage of surface water
Trenching
263
Temp wood or steel bracing usu set an angled position to hold walls
Shoring
264
Providing additional support to an existing foundation by rebuilding or reinforcing
Underpinning
265
A temp diagonal brace used to support vertical sheeting against earth walls created by excavation
Raker
266
Methods to control erosion during construction
Silt fence
Straw bale dams/ earth dikes
Hydroseding or mulch
Retaining wall
267
Filter fabric fixed to wood stakes filters fine sediment from runoff before it reaches receiving streams
Silt fence
268
How can a site be graded to avoid damage a 200 year tree
No grading should occur under the drip line of the tree
| Boundary of the tree outer roots
269
Proctor teat
A test method used to determine the optimum relationship between moisture content and compaction of soil
270
Percolation test
To determine the rate soil absorbs effluent used to assess stability of soil for a leachfield
271
Min slope for paved area
| A lawn
1-1.5%. 2% for pedestrian path good
| Min 2 max 4%
272
Methods to control erosion
Peoper site drainage
Native planting
Retaining wall
Application of riprap
273
Covenant
Type of deed restriction places limitation on land development by the buyer
274
Piazza of saint peter at vatican is an example of what kind of planning
Renaissance by bernini
275
Comfort factors
```
Temperature
Humidity
Precipitation
Radiation
Air movement
```
276
The lowest point or lowest inside surface of a drain
Invert
277
A drain or channel that permits the passage of water below ground
Culvert
| آبگذر زير جاده
278
A perforated pipe surrounded by granular fill used to releive hydristatic pressure from foundation or retaining wall
Drain tile
279
Rome is which type of city planning
Baroque
| Links important monuments places and views with broad radiating st and avenues
280
.... Planning attempted to bring classical order to medievel streets by carving out formal plazas and squares and by adding classical ornaments to preexisting bldg
Renaissance
| Venice
281
The greatest angle at which soil will lay without sliding
Angle of repose
| Generally sand and gravel have a steeper angle than silt and loam
282
```
Vehicle turning radius
Small cars
Standard car
Large car
Ambulance and paramedic
Bus and truck
```
```
16-19'
19-23'
23-25'
25-30'
43-50'
```
283
Vernal equinox
21 march
284
Min distance between driveway and intersection
50-200'
285
Accessible parking stall width
Car
Van
8' plus 5' for aisle
| 8' plus 8' for aisle
286
Min width of twoway driveway
| Min width of twoway main aisle between 90 parking
16'
| 20'
287
Min angle of a road at an intersection
70
288
Min width of oneway driveway
10'
289
A setback is addressed by
Zoning code
290
Constellation pattern
صورت فلكى ستارگان
291
According to Unified Soil Classification how r soils classified
Coarse-grained soil
Fine-grained soil
Highly organic soil
292
Gravel well graded
Gravel poorly graded
Silty gravel
Clayey gravel
GW
GP
GM
GC
293
Two methods of reducing hydrostatic pressure on a foundation wall
Install a drain tile at the footing and backfill with a layer of gravel and soil
Install open web matting against foundation wall prior to backfilling with gravel and soil
294
A heavy timber or steel column driven vertically into the soil and used to hold sheeting boards in place
Soldier beam
295
Horizontal boards placed between soldier beams also called
Timber sheeting
Breast boards
Lagging boards
296
Three principal methods of describing a prop boundary
Location within a subdivision
Metes and bounds
Reference to a township and section
297
Two angles used to describe position of the sun
Azimuth and altitude
298
What document is used to determine the boundaries of zoning districts?
Zoning map
299
Distance between two meridians
24 mile
300
Albedo of natural materials high or low
Low
301
Ramp handrail should extend .... At its top and bottom landings
12" or 1'
302
Min slope required to drain a surface paved with concrete
1%
303
In public land survey what is a township
Square 6 mile dar 6 mile
304
Two design strategy to drain a parking lot
Sheet draining
| Use of swale
305
What system of land subduvision was encouraged by land ordinance of 1785?
Grid system
306
Best range of orientation for a site in northern hemisphere
5 to 25 degree east of south
307
...... Are used where expansive soil such as bentonite is present
Grade beams on pier
308
Retention pond
Holding pond or catch basin
| Temp holding the water and release it at a controlled rate
309
Construction designed to allow sediment to settle while water drains into the ground
Bioswale
310
Construction designed to retain stormwater until it can seep into the ground
Infiltration basin
311
Structure designed to collect grit an trash while allowing the storm water to flow out of the drainage pipes
Catch basin
312
Max slope for parking lit
5%
313
Max slope for accessible portion of parking lot
2%
314
.... Slope is considered max for automobile ramp where pedestrians are allowed
... Without pedestrian
12%
| 15%
315
Amount of runoff in cubic feet per sec on a site
CIA
C runoff coeffient
I rainfall intensity in inches per hour
A area of site in acre
316
Retaining wall more than ... Ft in reinforced concrete or masonary
4'
317
Document that include info on land elevation
Survey
318
A written doc describe owner of property and from whom it was purchased
Deed of trust
319
Description of property by address or lot description no land elev
Deed
320
Written description of the boundaries of a parcel of land
Metes and bounds
321
Legal description of a subdivided piece of property that include info on lot street roght of way and easement
Plat
322
... Department responsible for design and maint of city road drainage
Public work dep
323
Area surrounding a land development site encompassing the population base that the development is meant to serve
Catchment area
324
Statistical data of a population such as age income
Demographics
325
Study of spatial requirements of humans and the effects of population density on behavior communication and social interaction
Proxemics
326
Object on which a tax is calculated
Tax base
327
The shape of the land purposely formed to control flow of water usu by cutting into the ground
Swale
328
Guessing a value in between two known values
Interpolation
329
1% slope is approximately ... Inch per ft
1/8 in/ft
330
2% slope is approximately ... Inch per ft
1/4 inch/ft
331
Boulevards have right of way of ... Ft to .... Ft
100-130 ft
| 30-40m
332
Street and ave right of way
80'
333
Utilities are commonly located
Anywhere in the right-of-way
334
... Ft2 per car : parking space+access+fairly effocient driveway
.... : parking space drives walkways
300ft2. 28m2
| 400ft2. 37m2
335
Min width of sidewalk
5'
336
When one road intersect another at an angle the min angle
80
337
What determines the min parking requirements for site development
Zoning regulations
338
Total solar radiation on a horizontal surface
Insolation
339
In north hemisphere optimum tilt angle of an active solar collector equals to...
For space heating system
Bldg latitude
| Bldg latitude+15
340
Square 24 miles on a side consisting of 16 township
Check
Check -) township-) section (1by1)
341
Max allowable vertical change of level without using ramp
1/4 inch per ft
342
... Restriction limit the area beyond which a bldg can pass
Bulk plane restriction
343
Ext material may be governed by
Covenant عهد
Development restrictions
To some extend bldg codes
344
Egress
خروجى
345
Setbacks are established by .... Of a city or country
Zoning code
346
Zoning code controls
```
Allowable use
Amount of land that can be covered with bldgs
Bulks of structures
Setback distance
Parking and loading requirements
```
347
Maximum allowable area of a bldg is limited by a combination if
Floor area ratio and construction type
348
........ Is the space between a bldg and the potential location of a blast threat
Standoff distance
349
If .....% of existing bldg struc ext walls and roof are reused leed awards 3 points
95%
350
Maintaing ....% interior nonstruc elements 1 point
Recycling or salvaging .... Of debris 1 point
Reuse materials from site that amount to ...% by cost of total value of material
1 point
50%
50%
5%
351
.... Is not a method of estimating cut and fill
Elevation method
352
.... Method for cut and fill calculations for roadways
End area method
353
The well decomposed more or less stable part of the organic matter found in mineral soils is
Humus
354
... Used to help conserve moisture control temp prevent surface compaction reduce runoff and erision improve soil structure or control weeds
Mulch
355
Combination of soil and water have higher mineral content than peat
Muck
| لجن
356
..when mixed with nitrogen and soil used as an organic fertilizer
Purpose of making to permit irganic material to become crumbly ترد and reduce carbon nitrogen ratio of material
Compost كود آلى
357
The most permeable soil
Gravel
358
The day length of day and night equal...
Day maximum hours of sunlight...
Day min hours of sunlight
March and sep 21
June 21
Dec21
359
..... Footing are appropriate when good soil are found at a shallow depth
Spread
360
Spread footing on recompacted fill is often economical where max depth of fill is about ....
5 feet
361
...,, is described by lot number block name or number and tract name or number
Urban land
362
..... Are permitted to use only when the cutoff( top most level of pile) will be below the lowest ground water table assumed to exist during life of project
Untreated wood piles
363
.... Footing are used when building columns are located close to property line
Cantilever footing
364
Cluster type residential development would be most appropriate for an area that has
Highly irregular contours
365
The cost to design and construct the leed bldg will ...
Increase
366
Adding a geothermal will increase compensation of ...
Architect and mech engineer
367
A .... Is a flow path similar to a valley in which the contour point uphill
Swale
368
Contours point downhill
Ridge
369
A device used to collect water before conducting it to underground pipes
Trench drain
370
Soil is or is not pervious in a septic tank
Is
371
Tiles comprising a septic drain field should be placed with a slope
1/24 inch per foot
372
Septic drain fields shiuld be at least.... From any surface water ir well
100'
373
Csi construction specification institute a folding steel security gate for commercial project in what division
Specialities
374
Compacted soil either onsite or imported is compacted
6"
375
Expansive soils expand when wet
| Foundation can be designed for soil bearing pressure exceeding upward pressure exerted by expansive soil
Ex
376
Construction cost is ....%
15%
377
If conditions are encountered at a site which differs materially from those indicated in contract documents the contractor shall
Notify the architect no later than 21 days after first observation
378
Where topography is steep and irregular installation of underground sewer line is
More expensive than for a level site because line require more sewer manhole
379
Dash line on a topographic map represent
Existing or natural topography
| Solid line proposed modification to existing landform
380
Soil conditions ..... Shown on topographic map
Are not
381
..... Cause the parking lot to rise above their original level
Frost and heaving of the subsoil
382
Parking width
(Hc *12+reg*9)/#of rows/9'=num of stalls in a row
| Width of row+(29*2)= width of a row
383
Land use development pattern are mist frequently determined by
Street systems
384
A neighborhood shopping mall is best located at
Intersection if arterial and collector street
385
Powerlines are generally located above ground because they are
Less costly
386
Primary objective of good pedestrian circulationis
Safety
387
A .... Footing distributes vertical loads over the entire bldg area and is used when soil condition are poor
Mat footing
| If the loads of the proposed structure are high relative to the bearing capacity of the soil
388
Placing load on a footing results in
Reduction of soil void volume
389
Ahwahnee principles
Mixed used development is prefered in sustainable design
Support wide range of interconnected transportation
Development that permits opportunity for diverse number of jobs is a key goal
390
Sudden loss of shearing resistance in a cohesion less soil
Liquefaction
| روانگرایی
391
Large beds of clay contained in gravel
Cause differential settlement of bldg foundation
392
Costs for cutting and filling earth on site typicslly calculated by
Cubic yards
393
In cold climates vapor barrier desirable below attic insulation because they
Minimize moisture migration
394
Restrictive covenants are typically developed on behalf if
Property owners
395
Right of way
A right belonging to a party to pass over kand of another
396
Sudden loss of shearing resistance in a cohesion less soil
Liquefaction
| روانگرایی
397
Large beds of clay contained in gravel
Cause differential settlement of bldg foundation
398
Costs for cutting and filling earth on site typicslly calculated by
Cubic yards
399
In cold climates vapor barrier desirable below attic insulation because they
Minimize moisture migration
400
Restrictive covenants are typically developed on behalf if
Property owners
401
Right of way
A right belonging to a party to pass over kand of another
402
Sudden loss of shearing resistance in a cohesion less soil
Liquefaction
| روانگرایی
403
Large beds of clay contained in gravel
Cause differential settlement of bldg foundation
404
Costs for cutting and filling earth on site typicslly calculated by
Cubic yards
405
In cold climates vapor barrier desirable below attic insulation because they
Minimize moisture migration
406
Restrictive covenants are typically developed on behalf if
Property owners
407
Right of way
A right belonging to a party to pass over kand of another
408
A continuous perforated pipe placed near the footing of a foundation
French drain or subdrain
409
A leader line comes off a
Gutter
410
A continuous drain placed at the ground level to catch runoff and divert to storm sewer
Trench drain
411
Catch basin, cistern and box culvert allow stormwater to
Run into storm swere system
412
Best soil for slab in grade construction
Poorly graded gravel
413
Min width for two lane road designed for two way traffic
24'
414
Minimize the heat island effect of imperviuos site paving by material with
Low or high albedo
High albedo
415
L shape and u shape bldgs with reentrant corners or second floor overhang
Focus or amplify blast energy
416
Max area of signage on exterior of abldg is most commonly regulated by
Zoning ordinance
417
.... Test determines optimum compaction of site fill based on density and optimum moisture content
Proctor test
418
First floor elevated above street for privacy
A stoop design
419
Regulations pertain to a planned development around a wetland architect should investigate
Local and state governmental rules and us army corps of engineer regulations
420
Max slope for a curb cut
1/12
421
Max permissible cross slope for a sidewalk as defined by ADA
2%
422
Slope of a masonary or stone retaining wall
Batter
423
Floor area can be increased if
Automatic sprinkler system installed
| Prescribed min open space maintained between bldg and property line
424
According to ada max permited slope for parking
2%
425
..... Define the minimum setback distances from the property line
Zoning regulations
426
..... Establish view plane restrictions
Local ordinances
427
Planting strip for tress min
| For grass
6'
| 4'
428
Ground dource heat pump use most important factor
Size of lot
429
.... Used to show how much of a bldg site need to be regraded
Earthwork diagram
430
Vandalism
Willful destructionof property
431
.... Clauses in a deed that place condition limitation or restriction on use of property
Deed restrictions
432
Large low cost housing development best organization
Compact
433
Suburban shopping mall organization pattern
Axial
434
Ancient classical rome organizationpattern
Precinctual
| Allow growth in any direction
435
Amount of solar radiation received by a site influence by
Latitude =distance from equator
| Slope
436
Organic soil.... To develop
More costly
437
Mountain resort always.... Than base resort
Cooler
438
Stormdrain slope
Pedestrian walk
Planted bank
Unretain earth cut
0.3-1%
Max 10 15 for short
Max 50
50-100
439
Planted rural area
Stabilize micro climate
440
Air 100 fpm is
Air less than 50 fpm is
250 fpm and more
Pleasant
Unnoticable
Drafty noisy
441
Bulb tee
In gypsum concrete roof deck construction
442
When row of trees are penpendicular to wind direction
Two rows of trees
443
Service drive to draw
Accomodate 20' truck
444
Arterial speed limit
35
445
If runoff exceed sewer cspacity solution to build a
Detention pond
446
Family of four how many gallons per day
400
447
Narrow gradation= most of the aggregates the same size
Dense gradation= equal amount of variuos size of aggregate
Open gradation= little in the fine range
Rich gradation= high proportion of particles
A
448
On main artery roads standard min spacing between successive intersections at least
800'
449
Retention pond to hold water
| Detention pond
Indifinite time
| Temp holding
450
Building sanitary drainage system begin
At a point 3-5 ft outside the bldg
451
Addition of fill to existing soil
Surcharging
452
Req for loading area
Zoning ordinace
453
...... Acre is 1 section
649
454
Cleanup strategy to remediate unsaturated zone
Vapor extraction
455
Ground water remediation method
Extraction treatment
