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SJA Drugs > SJA Drugs > Flashcards

SJA Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirin presentation

A

300mg tablet

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2
Q

Aspirin’s four actions

A

Analgesic

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3
Q

Aspirin indications for use

A

Chest pain of presumed cardiac origin

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4
Q

Aspirin dose and administration

A

Oral administration - preferably chewed

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5
Q

Aspirin contraindications

A

Known hypersensitivity to aspirin or salicylates

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6
Q

Aspirin precautions

A

Actively bleeding peptic ulcers

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7
Q

Aspirin side effects

A

Heartburn

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8
Q

Adrenaline presentation

A

1mg in 1ml (1:1000 solution)

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9
Q

Aspirin pharmacology and action

A

Minimises platelet aggregation and thrombus formation to slow progression of coronary artery thrombosis

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10
Q

Adrenaline pharmacology and action

A

Naturally occurring sympathomimetic agent

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11
Q

Adrenaline IV/IO onset time?

A

30 seconds

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12
Q

Adrenaline IM onset time?

A

30-90 seconds

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13
Q

Adrenaline IV/IO peak action time?

A

3-5 minutes

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14
Q

Adrenaline IM peak action time?

A

5-10 minutes

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15
Q

Duration of adrenaline IV/IO

A

5-10 minutes

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16
Q

Duration of adrenaline IM

A

5-10 minutes

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17
Q

Indications for use of adrenaline

A

Cardiac arrest

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18
Q

Contraindications for use of adrenaline

A

None absolute

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19
Q

Precautions for use of adrenaline

A

Ischaemic heart disease

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20
Q

Side effects of adrenaline

A

Palpitations

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21
Q

Adult dose of adrenaline in cardiac arrest

A

1mg in 1ml 1:1000 solution IV/IO every 3-5 minutes

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22
Q

Paediatric and newborn doses of adrenaline in cardiac arrest

A

10mcg/kg IV/IO to a max 1mg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes (newborns 10-30mcg)

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23
Q

Solution strength of adrenaline to be used in paediatric cardiac arrest

A

1:10,000

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24
Q

Adult dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or severe asthma

A

0.5mg in 0.5ml 1:1000 solution IM into lateral mid-thigh (repeated every 5-10mins as clinically required)

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25
Q

Paediatric dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or severe asthma…age < 1 year (5-10kg)

A

0.05mg-0.1mg in 0.05-0.1ml 1:1000 solution IM into lateral mid-thigh (repeated every 5-10mins as clinically required)

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26
Q

Paediatric dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or severe asthma…age 1-2 (10kg)

A

0.1mg in 0.1ml 1:1000 solution IM into lateral mid-thigh (repeated every 5-10mins as clinically required)

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27
Q

Paediatric dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or severe asthma…age 2-3 (15kg)

A

0.15mg in 0.15ml 1:1000 solution IM into lateral mid-thigh (repeated every 5-10mins as clinically required)

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28
Q

Paediatric dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or severe asthma…age 4-6 (20kg)

A

0.2mg in 0.2ml 1:1000 solution IM into lateral mid-thigh (repeated every 5-10mins as clinically required)

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29
Q

Paediatric dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or severe asthma…age 7-10 (30kg)

A

0.3mg in 0.3ml 1:1000 solution IM into lateral mid-thigh (repeated every 5-10mins as clinically required)

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30
Q

Paediatric dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or severe asthma…age 10-12 (40kg)

A

0.4mg in 0.4ml 1:1000 solution IM into lateral mid-thigh (repeated every 5-10mins as clinically required)

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31
Q

Paediatric dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or severe asthma…age 12+ (50kg +)

A

0.5mg in 0.5ml 1:1000 solution IM into lateral mid-thigh (as per adult dose) (repeated every 5-10mins as clinically required)

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32
Q

Adult and paediatric dose of adrenaline in severe croup with retractive breathing

A

5mg in 5mls 1:1000 solution nebulised once only with O2 at 8LPM

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33
Q

Presentation of heparin sodium

A

5000 International Units in 5ml ampoule

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34
Q

Onset of action time of IV heparin

A

Immediate

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35
Q

Pharmacology and action of heparin

A

Naturally occurring anticoagulant

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36
Q

Indications for use of heparin sodium

A

STEMI patients going directly to cath lab as per receiving hospital’s interpretation of 12 lead ECG

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37
Q

Contraindications for use of heparin sodium

A

Hypersensitivity

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38
Q

Precautions in use of heparin sodium

A

Haemorrhagic risks in case of possible trauma

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39
Q

Side effects of heparin sodium

A

Haemorrhage

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40
Q

Presentation of ipratroprium bromide

A

250mcg in 1ml nebule

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41
Q

Pharmacology and action of ipratroprium bromide

A

Anticholinergic bronchodilator - inhibits vagal reflexes that mediate bronchospasm

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42
Q

Benefit of using atrovent with salbutamol nebs

A

Combination of beta-2 antagonist and anticholinergic bronchodilator = greater bronchodilation than salbutamol alone

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43
Q

Indications for use of atrovent

A

Severe bronchospasm and SOB in asthma and COPD

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44
Q

Side effects of atrovent

A

Headache

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45
Q

Contraindications in use of atrovent

A

Hypersensitivity

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46
Q

Precautions in the use of atrovent

A

Glaucoma

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47
Q

Adult dose of ipratroprium bromide

A

500mcg in 2ml nebulised with salbutamol once only

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48
Q

Paediatric dose of ipratroprium bromide

A

250mcg in 1ml nebulised with salbutamol once only

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49
Q

Presentation of ketamine

A

200mg in 2ml ampoule

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50
Q

IM onset time of ketamine

A

5-10 minutes

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51
Q

IV onset time of ketamine

A

1 minute

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52
Q

What is ketamine?

A

Rapid acting dissociative anaesthetic

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53
Q

Indications for use of ketamine

A

2nd line agent for severe pain traumatic origin

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54
Q

Contraindications for use of ketamine

A

Hypersensitivity

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55
Q

Side effects of ketamine

A

BP and pulse elevation

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56
Q

Dose of ketamine for IM analgesia

A

1mg per kg initially

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57
Q

Dilution of ketamine for adult IV use

A

200mg in 2ml ampoule added to 18ml NaCl New solution is 10mg per 1ml

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58
Q

Dilution of ketamine for paed IV use

A

200mg in 2ml ampoule added to 18ml NaCl

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59
Q

Dose of ketamine for IV analgesia in adults

A

10-20mg in 1-2ml initial dose

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60
Q

Dose of ketamine for IV analgesia in paediatrics

A

0.1mg/kg administered slowly titrated to effect

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61
Q

(ASMO medical consult required!!!!)

A

2mg/kg initial dose to maximum 200mg

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62
Q

(ASMO medical consult required!!!)

A

0.5mg/kg repeated every 5 minutes until required level of sedation achieved

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63
Q

What colour label and dosage are adult EpiPens?

A

Yellow

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64
Q

What colour label and dosage are paediatric EpiPens?

A

Green

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65
Q

Amiodarone presentation?

A

150mg in 3ml ampoule

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66
Q

Mechanism of amiodarone…

A

Class III antidysrhythmic which prolongs action potential duration and therefore refractory period of atrial, nodal and ventricular tissue.

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67
Q

Onset time of amiodarone?

A

Immediate

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68
Q

Peak time of amiodarone effects?

A

< 10 minutes

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69
Q

Duration of amiodarone effects?

A

30-60 minutes

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70
Q

Indications for use of amiodarone?

A

Cardiac arrest - with persistent/shock resistant ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (post 3 consecutive shocks only).

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71
Q

Amiodarone dose for adult cardiac arrest?

A

300mg in 6ml IV/IO once (2 vials)

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72
Q

Amiodarone dose for paediatric cardiac arrest?

A

5mg per kg IV/IO once

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73
Q

CCP - Amiodarone dose for CCP use only in tachydysrhythmias?

A

300mg infusion over 20 mins

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74
Q

Contraindications for amiodarone use?

A

CCP use only:

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75
Q

Precautions for amiodarone use?

A

NAME?

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76
Q

Side effects of amiodarone?

A

Bradycardia

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77
Q

CCP - Presentation of atropine sulphate?

A

0.6mg in 3ml ampoule

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78
Q

CCP - Mechanism in action of atropine sulphate?

A

Anticholinergic that inhibits action of acetylcholine on post ganglionic nerves at neuroeffector site.

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79
Q

CCP - Indications for use of atropine sulphate?

A

NAME?

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80
Q

CCP - Adult dose of atropine sulphate for bradycardia?

A

0.6mg in 3ml IV/IO every 1-5 mins titrated to effect.

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81
Q

CCP - Paediatric dose of atropine sulphate for bradycardia?

A

0.02mg/kg IV/IO every 1-5 mins titrated to effect.

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82
Q

CCP - Adult dose of atropine sulphate for organophosphate poisoning?

A

Large doses may be required in excess of 5mg IV/IO.

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83
Q

CCP - Paediatric dose of atropine sulphate for organophosphate poisoning?

A

0.02mg/kg IV/IO titrated against decrease in cholinergic secretions.

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84
Q

CCP - Contraindications for use of atropine sulphate?

A

Third degree heart block.

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85
Q

CCP - Precautions for use of atropine sulphate?

A

Atrial flutter

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86
Q

CCP - Side effects of atropine sulphate?

A

Tachycardia

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87
Q

Presentation of cophenylcaine?

A

Topical pump spray containing:

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88
Q

Mechanism in action of cophenylcaine?

A

Local anaesthetic and haemorrhage control agent for the relief of surface pain, nasal and oral bleeding.

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89
Q

Indications for cophenylcaine?

A

Local pain, abrasions, small cuts and wounds

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90
Q

Adult intranasal dose of cophenycaine?

A

Max 10 squirts (5 per nostril)

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91
Q

Adult topical dose of cophenylcaine?

A

Max 5 squirts

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92
Q

Paediatric intranasal dose of cophenylcaine?

A

2-4 years = 1 squirt per nostril

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93
Q

Adult and paediatric oral dose of cophenylcaine?

A

One spray then wait 1-2 mins and repeat if required.

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94
Q

Contraindications of cophenylcaine?

A

Hypersensitivity to lignocaine or other anaesthetics.

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95
Q

Precautions for use of cophenylcaine?

A

NAME?

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96
Q

Side effects of cophenylcaine?

A

Transient bitter taste in oral use.

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97
Q

CCP - Presenation of dextrose 5%

A

100ml infusion soft pack

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98
Q

CCP - Half life of dextrose 5%

A

20-30 minutes

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99
Q

CCP - What type of solution is dextrose 5%?

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

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100
Q

CCP - indications for dextrose 5%?

A

Vehicle for diluting and administering emergency drugs.

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101
Q

CCP - dose of dextrose 5%?

A

N/A - use as a diluent and for drug administration only.

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102
Q

CCP - contraindications of dextrose 5%?

A

Not for volume replacement.

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103
Q

CCP - precautions and side effects of dextrose 5%?

A

Nil

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104
Q

Presentation of fentanyl citrate or sublimaze?

A

100mcg in 2ml ampoule

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105
Q

Presentation of IN fentanyl?

A

600mcg in 2ml

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106
Q

Indications for fentanyl use?

A

Moderate to severe pain

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107
Q

Adult IV/IO dose fentanyl citrate?

A

10-25mcg titrated to effect every 5 minutes

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108
Q

Paediatric IV/IO dose fentanyl citrate?

A

1 mcg/kg titrated to effect every 5 minutes

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109
Q

How to dilute fentanyl citrate to 10mcg/1ml?

A

Dilute 2ml with 8ml NaCl in 10ml syringe

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110
Q

How to dilute fentanyl citrate to 5mcg/1ml?

A

Dilute 2ml with 18ml NaCl in 20ml syringe

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111
Q

IN fentanyl dose < 5 years / < 20kg

A

1 x 15mcg in 0.05ml initial dose

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112
Q

IN fentanyl dose 6-10 years / 21-30kg

A

1 x 30mcg in 0.10ml initial dose

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113
Q

IN fentanyl dose 11-15 years / 31-40kg

A

1 x 45mcg in 0.15ml initial dose

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114
Q

IN fentanyl dose small/elderly/frail

A

2 x 60mcg in 0.2ml (120mcg total) initial dose

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115
Q

IN fentanyl dose normal sized adult

A

3 x 60mcg in 0.2ml (180mcg total) initial dose

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116
Q

Contraindications for use of fentanyl?

A

H = Hypersensitivity to fentanyl

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117
Q

Precautions for use of fentanyl?

A

Elderly patients

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118
Q

Side effects of fentanyl use?

A

NAME?

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119
Q

Glucagon presentation?

A

1mg in 1ml vial with diluent for injection

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120
Q

Glucagon mechanism of action?

A

Hyperglycaemic agent which converts stored liver glycogen to glucose to increase blood glucose concentration.

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121
Q

Glucagon onset time?

A

4-7 minutes

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122
Q

Glucagon duration time?

A

10-30 minutes

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123
Q

Glucagon indications?

A

Demonstrated hypoglycaemia where oral glucose cannot be administered and IV access cannot be obtained in a safe and timely manner:

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124
Q

Glucagon adult dose?

A

1mg in 1ml IM to deltoid or mid-lateral thigh

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125
Q

Glucagon paediatric dose?

A

< 5 years 0.5mg in 0.5ml IM once only

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126
Q

Glucagon contraindications?

A

Hypersensitivity

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127
Q

Glucagon precautions?

A

Only effective in treating hypoglycaemia if sufficient liver glycogen present (does not work on alcohol or anorexia induced hypoglycaemia)

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128
Q

Glucagon side effects?

A

Nausea and vomiting

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129
Q

Glucose oral gel presentation?

A

15g in plastic tube

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130
Q

Glucose oral gel mechanism in action?

A

Rapidly absorbed from oral/buccal mucosa to increase blood glucose concentration

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131
Q

Glucose oral gel time of onset?

A

2-5 minutes

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132
Q

Glucose oral gel duration of action?

A

12-25 minutes

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133
Q

Glucose oral gel indications?

A

Demonstrated hypoglycaemia in:

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134
Q

Glucose oral gel adult dose?

A

Squeeze as much of tube contents as possible into lower cheek pouch over gums/cheek and massage cheek externally

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135
Q

Glucose oral gel paediatric dose?

A

Squeeze proportion of tube contents into lower cheek pouch over gums/cheek and massage cheek externally

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136
Q

Glucose oral gel contraindications?

A

Nil

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137
Q

Glucose oral gel precautions?

A
  • Have patient’s airway patent and in lateral position if unconscious
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138
Q

Glucose oral gel side effects?

A

Airway obstruction

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139
Q

Normal saline presentation?

A

NaCl 0.9% in 1000ml soft plastic bag

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140
Q

Normal saline description?

A

A sterile isotonic crystalloid solution

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141
Q

Normal saline indications?

A

Fluid replacement in treatment of shock, fluid loss and cardiac arrest

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142
Q

Normal saline KVO dose?

A

20 drops per minute (20 drops = 1ml)

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143
Q

Normal saline adult shock dose?

A

500ml boluses to a maximum of 2000ml

144
Q

Normal saline small adult/elderly shock dose?

A

250ml boluses to a maximum of 1000ml

145
Q

Normal saline paediatric shock dose?

A

20ml/kg over 5-10 minutes

146
Q

Normal saline cardiac arrest dose?

A

20ml/kg bolus as a reversible cause of hypovolaemia

147
Q

Normal saline contraindications?

A

Circulatory overload

148
Q

Normal saline precautions?

A

IV access / fluid administration to be avoided (unless if lifesaving) in patient’s on the side of:

149
Q

Normal saline side effects?

A

Circulatory overload

150
Q

IV glucose presentation?

A

10% glucose (10g per 100ml) in 500ml bag

151
Q

IV glucose description?

A

A hypertonic crystalloid solution which provides a readily available source of energy or glucose

152
Q

IV glucose onset time?

A

Within 1 minute

153
Q

IV glucose indications?

A

Demonstrated hypoglycaemia where oral glucose administration is inappropriate in:

154
Q

IV glucose adult dose?

A

10g (100ml of 10% solution) IV/IO

155
Q

IV glucose paediatric dose?

A

2.5ml/kg (0.25g/kg) up to 10g (100ml) IV/IO

156
Q

IV glucose contraindications?

A

NAME?

157
Q

IV glucose precautions?

A

NAME?

158
Q

IV glucose side effects?

A

Hyperglycaemia

159
Q

Isordil correct name and presentation?

A

Isosorbide Dinitrate 5mg tablet

160
Q

GTN presentation?

A

0.4mg atomised spray

161
Q

GTN name?

A

Glyceryl Trinitrate

162
Q

GTN mechanism in action?

A

Vasodilation

163
Q

GTN indications?

A

Chest pain/discomfort of presumed cardiac origin not relieved by rest and reassurance, with systolic BP >90mmHg

164
Q

GTN dose for cardiac chest pain?

A

1 x 0.4mg spray sublingually.

165
Q

Isordil dose for cardiac chest pain?

A

1 x 5mg tablet sublingually.

166
Q

GTN dose for APO?

A

1 x 0.4mg spray sublingually every 5 mins to a maximum of 3 doses.

167
Q

Isordil dose for APO?

A

1 x 5mg tablet sublingually every 5 mins to a maximum of 3 doses.

168
Q

Nitrate additional doses for long transport?

A

Further doses may be given every 30 mins where indicated and criteria met.

169
Q

Nitrates contraindications?

A

Hypersensitivity

170
Q

Nitrates precautions?

A

NAME?

171
Q

Nitrates side effects?

A

Hypotension (rare)

172
Q

Ketamine presentation?

A

200mg in 2ml ampoule

173
Q

What is ketamine?

A

A rapid acting dissociative anaesthetic.

174
Q

What is the IM onset time of ketamine?

A

5-10mins

175
Q

What is the IV onset time of ketamine?

A

1min

176
Q

Ketamine indications?

A

Second line agent for severe pain of traumatic origin.

177
Q

Ketamine IM dose for analgesia?

A

Initial dose 1mg/kg

178
Q

Ketamine IV adult dose for analgesia?

A

Initial dose 10-20mg (1-2ml)

179
Q

How must ketamine be diluted for IV use and what dose will be contained in 1ml of diluted solution?

A

200mg in 2ml ketamine + 18ml NaCL = 10mg/ml

180
Q

Ketamine IV paediatric dose for analgesia?

A

0.1mg/kg administered slowly titrated to effect

181
Q

What must be obtained prior to using ketamine for sedation?

A

ASMO medical consult authorisation

182
Q

Ketamine dose for sedation?

A

NAME?

183
Q

Ketamine contraindications?

A

1) Hypersensitivity

184
Q

Ketamine precautions?

A

1) Use with caution in pt with stable psych disorders such as schizophrenia (unless pre-treated with midazolam)

185
Q

Ketamine side effects?

A

1) BP and pulse frequently elevated

186
Q

Lignocaine strength and alternative name?

A

1%

187
Q

Lignocaine presentation

A

20mg/2ml (1%) in plastic ampoule

188
Q

Lignocaine indications?

A

Local anaesthesia for:

189
Q

Lignocaine intradermal dose?

A

0.1ml

190
Q

Lignocaine IO adult dose?

A

40mg in 4ml (2 ampoules)

191
Q

Lignocaine IO small adult/large child dose?

A

20mg in 2ml (1 ampoule)

192
Q

Lignocaine IO small child dose?

A

10mg in 1ml (half an ampoule)

193
Q

Lignocaine contraindications?

A

Hypersensitivity

194
Q

Lignocaine precautions?

A

Adverse reactions are rare when used as local anaesthetic and administered correctly

195
Q

Lignocaine side effects?

A

Tinnitus

196
Q

Methoxyflurane presentation?

A

3ml ampoule

197
Q

Methoxyflurane mechanism of action?

A

Halogenated ether

198
Q

Methoxyflurane onset time?

A

6-8 breaths or 1-2 minutes

199
Q

Methoxyflurane maximum level time?

A

2-4 minutes

200
Q

Methoxyflurane indications?

A

Pain

201
Q

Methoxyflurane dose?

A

Initial dose 1 x 3ml ampoule

202
Q

Maximum dose of methoxyflurane in 24 hours?

A

6ml (2 ampoules)

203
Q

Maximum dose of methoxyflurane in 7 days?

A

15ml (5 ampoules)

204
Q

Methoxyflurane contraindications?

A

1) Pt unable to understand or cooperate

205
Q

Methoxyflurane precautions?

A

1) Use penthrox inhaler with charcoal filter

206
Q

Methoxyflurane side effects?

A

1) Lightheadedness

207
Q

CCP - Maxalon alternative name?

A

Metoclopramide

208
Q

CCP - Maxalon presentation?

A

10mg in 2ml ampoule

209
Q

CCP - Maxalon mechanism in action?

A

Anti-emetic

210
Q

CCP - Maxalon metabolism?

A

Via liver and excreted by kidneys

211
Q

CCP - Maxalon indications?

A

1) Nausea and vomiting associated with pain and/or GI disturbance

212
Q

CCP - Maxalon precautions?

A

Children < 12 years

213
Q

CCP - Maxalon dose?

A

10mg IV or IM

214
Q

CCP - Maxalon side effects?

A

1) Drowsiness

215
Q

CCP - Maxalon IV onset time?

A

3-5 mins

216
Q

CCP - Maxalon IV peak time?

A

10-15 mins

217
Q

CCP - Maxalon IV duration?

A

30-60 mins

218
Q

CCP - Maxalon not effective for?

A

1) Established motion sickness

219
Q

Midazolam alternative name?

A

Hypnovel

220
Q

Midazolam presentation?

A

15mg in 3ml ampoule

221
Q

Midazolam mechanism in action?

A

Water soluble benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative and anti-convulsant characteristics.

222
Q

Midazolam indications?

A

1) Seizures

223
Q

Midazolam seizure/sedate non-TBI adult IM dose?

A

5-10mg IM

224
Q

Midazolam seizure/sedate non-TBI adult IV dose?

A

1-5mg IV/IO

225
Q

Midazolam seizure/sedate non-TBI paediatric IM dose?

A

2.5-5m IM

226
Q

Midazolam seizure/sedate non-TBI paediatric IV dose?

A

0.1mg/kg IV/IO to maximum bolus of 5mg

227
Q

Midazolam combative TBI adult IV dose?

A

1mg IV/IO every 3 mins to maximum 5mg

228
Q

Midazolam combative TBI paed IV dose?

A

0.1mg/kg IV/IO bolus up to max 1mg

229
Q

Midazolam adult back spasm IM dose?

A

2.5-5mg IM

230
Q

Midazolam adult back spasm IV dose?

A

1mg IV every 2-3 mins to max 5mg

231
Q

Midazolam contraindications?

A

Hypersensitivity

232
Q

Midazolam precautions?

A

1) If small, frail or over 65 try half adult dose first

233
Q

Midazolam dilution for 1mg/1ml via 10ml syringe?

A

Draw up 10mg in 2ml with 8ml NaCl = 10mg in 10mls

234
Q

Midazolam dilution for 1mg/1ml via 20ml syringe?

A

Draw up 15mg in 3ml with 12ml NaCl = 15mg in 15mls

235
Q

Midazolam side effects?

A

1) Resp depression

236
Q

Naloxone presentation?

A

0.4mg in 1ml ampoule

237
Q

Naloxone action?

A

Pure narcotic antagonist which exerts effect by competitive inhibition at opioid receptor sites. Prevents or reverses effects of opioids inc resp depression, sedation and hypotension. No pharmacological activity of naloxone in absence of opioids.

238
Q

Naloxone indications?

A

Reversal of respiratory depression in suspected narcotic overdose.

239
Q

Naloxone dilution for IV use?

A

Dilute 0.4mg/1ml ampoule with 9mls NaCl = 0.04mg per ml.

240
Q

Naloxone adult IM dosage?

A

0.4mg every 5-10 mins as required up to max 2mg (5 ampoules).

241
Q

Naloxone adult IV dosage?

A

0.04mg in 1ml IV/IO increments every 2 minutes titrated to effect up to 2mg.

242
Q

Naloxone paediatric IM dose?

A

0.4mg every 5-10 mins as required up to max 2mg (5 ampoules)

243
Q

Naloxone paediatric IV dosage?

A

0.01mg per kg (10mcg per kg) initial dose.

244
Q

Naloxone contraindications?

A

Responsive pt with adequate respirations and who are protecting their own airway.

245
Q

Naloxone precautions?

A

1) Polypharmacy overdose

246
Q

Naloxone side effects?

A

Withdrawal symptoms eg aggression, agitation, nausea, vomiting, dilated pupils, lacrimation.

247
Q

Ondansetron presentation?

A

4mg in 2ml ampoule

248
Q

Ondansetron pharmacology?

A

Anti-nauseant and anti-emetic.

249
Q

Ondansetron onset of action duration?

A

Up to 30 minutes

250
Q

Ondansetron indications?

A

1) Moderate to severe nausea

251
Q

Ondansetron adult dose IM or IV?

A

4mg in 2ml or slow IV/IO

252
Q

Ondansetron paed dose IM 2-5 years?

A

1mg in 0.5ml IM

253
Q

Ondansetron paed dose IM 6-9 years?

A

2mg in 1ml IM

254
Q

Ondansetron paed dose 10-12 years?

A

3mg in 1.5ml IM

255
Q

Ondansetron paed dose >12 or >40kg?

A

4mg in 2ml IM

256
Q

Ondansetron contraindications?

A

1) Paed less than 2 years old

257
Q

Ondansetron precautions?

A

Administer IV/IO slowly over 2 mins neat or diluted to prevent blurred vision and dizziness

258
Q

Ondansetron side effects?

A

1) Headache

259
Q

Paracetamol presentation?

A

500mg tablets or 125mg/5ml suspension

260
Q

Paracetamol pharmacology?

A

Oral analgesia for relief of mild to moderate pain and fever

261
Q

Paracetamol indications?

A

1) Headache

262
Q

Paracetamol contraindications?

A

1) Known allergy to paracetamol

263
Q

Paracetamol adult dose?

A

500-1000mg (1-2 tablets) with water

264
Q

Paracetamol paed 7-12 dose?

A

250-500mg (0.5-1 tablets) with water or crushed

265
Q

Paracetamol paed <7 dose?

A

As per directions on bottle administered by parents

266
Q

Paracetamol time of onset?

A

20-30 minutes

267
Q

Paracetamol side effects?

A

Nil known at therapeutic doses?

268
Q

Paracetamol precautions?

A

Advise not to take more paracetamol during next 4 hours

269
Q

Paracetamol toxicity dose?

A

10-15g

270
Q

CCP - Promethazine alternative name?

A

Phenergan

271
Q

CCP - Promethazine presentation?

A

25mg in 1ml ampoule

272
Q

CCP - Promethazine pharmacology?

A

Long acting H1 blocker with mild atropine like anticholinergic effects

273
Q

CCP - Promethazine action?

A

1) Antihistamine

274
Q

CCP - Promethazine metabolised by?

A

Liver

275
Q

CCP - Promethazine indication?

A

Motion sickness

276
Q

CCP - Promethazine contraindications?

A

Known severe adverse reaction

277
Q

CCP - Promethazine precautions?

A

1) Children < 6 years

278
Q

CCP - Promethazine side effects?

A

1) Dry mouth

279
Q

CCP - Promethazine adult dose IV?

A

12.5mg IV given over at least 2 minutes

280
Q

CCP - Promethazine adult dose IM?

A

25-50mg deep IM

281
Q

CCP - Promethazine paed dose >6 yrs?

A

0.25mg/kg IM or IV

282
Q

CCP - Promethazine onset IM & IV?

A

20 mins IM / 5-10 mins IV

283
Q

CCP - Promethazine peak IM & IV?

A

30 mins

284
Q

CCP - Promethazine duration IM & IV?

A

2-8 hours

285
Q

Salbutamol sulphate neb presentation?

A

5mg in 2.5ml plastic nebular

286
Q

Salbutamol sulphate MDI presentation?

A

100mgc dose per puff

287
Q

Salbutamol sulphate pharmacology?

A

Short acting sympathomimetic agent - beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulant causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.

288
Q

Salbutamol sulphate initial effect onset?

A

2-5 minutes

289
Q

Salbutamol sulphate indications?

A

Bronchospasm and resp distress associated with wheeze:

290
Q

Salbutamol sulphate MDI dose?

A

4 puffs with 4 breaths each puff every 4 mins

291
Q

Salbutamol sulphate neb dose?

A

1 x 5mg in 2.5ml nebula with 8L/min oxygen

292
Q

Salbutamol sulphate contraindications?

A

1) Hypersensitivity

293
Q

Salbutamol sulphate precautions?

A

1) Tachycardia

294
Q

Salbutamol sulphate side effects?

A

1) Muscle tremor

295
Q

CCP - Suxamethonium chloride presentation?

A

100mg in 2ml ampoule

296
Q

CCP - Suxamethonium chloride pharmacology?

A

Depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent

297
Q

CCP - Suxamethonium chloride indications?

A

Complete muscle relaxation to facilitate endotracheal intubation

298
Q

CCP - Suxamethonium chloride contraindications?

A

1) Known hypersensitivity to suxamethonium

299
Q

CCP - adult and paediatric suxamethonium chloride dosages?

A

Adults = 1-2mg/kg IV/IO repeat dose if indicated

300
Q

CCP - Suxamethonium chloride precautions?

A

Sedation is required prior to use

301
Q

CCP - Suxamethonium chloride side effects?

A

1) Muscular fasciculations

302
Q

CCP - Suxamethonium chloride special notes?

A

1) Atropine should be administered prior to six administration if bradycardic

303
Q

List 4 indicators of mild to moderate allergic reactions which may require EpiPen or Anapen use?

A

1) Swelling of lips, face or eyes

304
Q

List 7 indicators of anaphylaxis which may indicate the need to use an EpiPen or Anapen?

A

1) Difficult or noisy breathing

305
Q

What positioning must be maintained when using an EpiPen or Anapen and why?

A

Lateral position if unconscious for secretion drainage

306
Q

What must a patient not be allowed to do after administration of adrenaline or EpiPens…even if they appear to have recovered?

A

Stand up or walk

307
Q

How long must a patient be monitored in hospital for post-adrenaline administration?

A

At least four hours after the last does of adrenaline

308
Q

How often can an Epipen or Anapen be repeated if necessary?

A

Every five minutes as clinically indicated

309
Q

CCP - what is the alternative name for metaraminol tartrate?

A

Aramine

310
Q

CCP - describe aramine and its actions?

A

A synthetic adrenergic stimulant with primarily alpha effects…causes:

311
Q

CCP - what are the indications for aramine use?

A

Adjunctive treatment of hypotension (<90mmHg after adequate fluid resuscitation) due to:

312
Q

CCP - what is the presentation of aramine?

A

10mg in 1ml ampoule

313
Q

CCP - what IV bolus and ongoing dose of aramine is appropriate?

A

0.5-1mg titrated to effect (continuously re-checking BP) administered every 3-5mins

314
Q

CCP - how is aramine diluted?

A

10mg in 1ml added to 19ml NaCl 0.9% to provide a 0.5mg per 1ml solution

315
Q

CCP - onset time of aramine?

A

1-2 minutes

316
Q

CCP - contraindications of aramine?

A

Hypersensitivity

317
Q

CCP - precautions for aramine use?

A

Avoid extravasation as aramine causes tissue necrosis.

318
Q

CCP - side effects of aramine?

A

Rapidly induced hypertensive response may cause:

319
Q

CCP - presentation of morphine sulphate?

A

15mg in 1ml ampoule

320
Q

CCP - what is morphine sulphate?

A

A narcotic analgesic

321
Q

CCP - IM onset, peak and duration times of morphine?

A

Onset 10-30 minutes

322
Q

CCP - IV/IO onset, peak and duration times of morphine sulphate?

A

Onset 2-5 minutes

323
Q

CCP - indications for morphine sulphate use?

A

Analgesia

324
Q

CCP - contraindications for use of morphine?

A

Hypersensitivity

325
Q

CCP - precautions in morphine sulphate use?

A

1) Elderly patients

326
Q

CCP - complications or side effects of morphine?

A

1) Bradycardia

327
Q

CCP - adult dose of morphine sulphate for analgesia?

A

5-10mg IM

328
Q

CCP - adult dose of morphine sulphate for sedation to maintain intubation?

A

1-10mg/kg/hr IV/IO

329
Q

CCP - paed dose of morphine sulphate for analgesia?

A

0.1-0.2mg/kg IM

330
Q

CCP - paed dose of morphine sulphate for sedation to maintain intubation?

A

0.1-0.2mg/kg/hr IV/IO

331
Q

CCP - alternative name for Rocuronium Bromide?

A

Esmeron

332
Q

CCP - presentation of esmeron?

A

50mg in 5ml ampoule

333
Q

CCP - description of esmeron?

A

A non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent…due to a weak vagolytic action, a slight rise in pulse rate and MAP may be expected.

334
Q

CCP - onset and peak time of esmeron?

A

Onset 2-3 minutes

335
Q

CCP - indications for use of esmeron?

A

To maintain skeletal muscle paralysis to allow mechanical ventilation in intubated patients following RSI or during interhospital transport of ventilated patients

336
Q

CCP - contraindications for use of esmeron?

A

Status epilepticus

337
Q

CCP - precautions in use of esmeron?

A

NAME?

338
Q

CCP - complications or side effects of esmeron?

A

Slight increase in HR

339
Q

CCP - IV/IO initial dose, maintenance dose and infusion dose?

A

Initial = 0.6mg/kg (usually 50mg in adults)

340
Q

CCP - duration of esmeron?

A

30-40 minutes

341
Q

Adrenaline IV dose for newborns in cardiac arrest?

A

10-30mcg/kg

342
Q

NaCl dose for newborns in cardiac arrest?

A

10ml/kg

343
Q

Oxygen is a treatment for what specifically?

A

Hypoxemia

344
Q

What does oxygen have no effect on?

A

Breathlessness in non-hypoxemic patients

345
Q

What parameters of oxygen saturations are desirable in normal adults and adults with COPD?

A

Normal adults = 94-98%

346
Q

When should children receive oxygen?

A

In all cases of significant illness or injury

347
Q

When is oxygen therapy to be commenced in newborn resuscitation?

A

After the first few breaths of room air only

348
Q

What percentage of oxygen is delivered by nasal cannulas at 1-4 LPM?

A

24-35%

349
Q

What percentage of oxygen is delivered by a therapy mask at 5-8 LPM?

A

40-60%

350
Q

What percentage of oxygen is delivered by a non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM?

A

60-100%

351
Q

What percentage of oxygen is delivered by a bag-valve-mask at 15 LPM?

A

95-100%

352
Q

What are the contraindications of oxygen use?

A

Normoxia

353
Q

What are the precautions in use of oxygen?

A

If target saturations cannot be maintained with nasal cannula or therapy mask then change to non-rebreather mask.

354
Q

What are the side effects of oxygen?

A

Patients with acute COPD are at risk of developing CO2 retention if given excessive supplemental oxygen - this can cause acidosis and subsequent organ dysfunction.

355
Q

Which three medications can easily be calculated at 0.01mg per kg in paediatric patients and at what dilution for each?

A

Ketamine 0.01mg per kg of 2:18ml dilution

356
Q

What is the quick calculation of the four main drugs formula for paediatric cardiac arrest?

A

NaCl 20ml per kg to max 1000ml no repeat

SJA Drugs (2 decks)

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