Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Diaphysis
A
Shaft of a long bone
2
Q
Epiphysis
A
End of long bone
3
Q
Foramen
A
Opening in bone
4
Q
Process
A
Bone projection where tendons/muscles attach
5
Q
Red Bone Marrow
A
Site of blood cell production
6
Q
Yellow Bone Marrow
A
Fat storage in bone
7
Q
Cartilage
A
Smooth tissue at joints
8
Q
Articular Cartilage
A
Lines joints
9
Q
Meniscus
A
Cartilage in the knee
10
Q
Osteoclast
A
Bone cell that breaks down bone
11
Q
Osteoblast
A
Bone-forming cell
12
Q
Compact Bone
A
Dense bone
13
Q
Spongy Bone
A
Porous bone
14
Q
Medullary Cavity
A
Center of bone with marrow
15
Q
Endosteum
A
Lines medullary cavity
16
Q
Fibrous joint
A
Joint made of dense connective tissue that allows little or no movement
17
Q
Fontanelle
A
Soft spot on a baby’s skull that allows for growth and easier birth
18
Q
Cartilaginous joint
A
Joint made of cartilage that allows slight movement
19
Q
Pubic symphysis
A
Cartilaginous joint between the pubic bones in the pelvis
20
Q
Synovial joint
A
Joint that allows a wide range of motion and is surrounded by a capsule
21
Q
Ball-and-socket joint
A
Synovial joint with movement in many directions, like shoulder or hip
22
Q
Hinge joint
A
Synovial joint that allows motion in one direction, like elbow or knee
23
Q
Synovial capsule
A
Strong outer layer of fibrous tissue surrounding a synovial joint
24
Q
Synovial membrane
A
Inner lining of the synovial capsule that secretes synovial fluid
25
Synovial fluid
Fluid that lubricates synovial joints
26
Ligament
Band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage
27
Bursa
Fibrous sac that cushions areas of friction in joints
28
Axial Skeleton
Protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems; contains 80 bones in 5 parts.
29
Skull
Protects the brain.
30
Ossicles of the Middle Ear
Small bones that aid in hearing.
31
Hyoid Bone
Located in the throat between the chin and thyroid.
32
Rib Cage
Protects the heart and lungs.
33
Vertebral Column
Protects the spinal cord and supports the body.
34
Appendicular Skeleton
Makes body movement possible; protects organs related to digestion, excretion, and reproduction; contains 126 bones.
35
Upper Extremities
Includes shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands.
36
Lower Extremities
Includes hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet.
37
Appendage
Anything attached to a major body part.
38
Appendicular
Refers to an appendage.
39
Extremity
The terminal end of a body part (like an arm or leg).
40
Bones of the Skull
The skull consists of 28 bones divided into cranium, face, and middle ear.
41
Cranium
Encloses and protects the brain.
42
Face
Contains 14 bones, forming the structure of the face.
43
Middle Ear
Contains 6 auditory ossicles, aiding in hearing.
44
Frontal Bone
Forms the forehead, houses frontal sinuses, and part of the eye socket.
45
Parietal Bones
Form the roof and upper sides of the cranium.
46
Occipital Bone
Forms the back and base of the skull.
47
Temporal Bones
Form the sides and base of the cranium.
48
External Auditory Meatus
Opening in the temporal bone for the ear canal.
49
Sphenoid Bone
Wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull, connects with all cranial bones.
50
Ethmoid Bone
Spongy bone forming the roof and sides of the nose, part of the eye orbit.
51
Auditory Ossicles
Three tiny bones in each middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound.
52
Nasal Bones
Form the bridge of the nose.
53
Zygomatic Bones
Also called cheekbones; connect with the frontal bone.
54
Maxillary Bones
Form the upper jaw, also known as maxillae.
55
Palatine Bones
Form the front of the hard palate and floor of the nose.
56
Lacrimal Bones
Part of the eye socket near the inner angle.
57
Inferior Conchae
Scroll-like bones inside the nose.
58
Vomer Bone
Forms the base of the nasal septum.
59
Mandible
The jawbone, the only movable skull bone, attached at the TMJ.
60
Thoracic Cavity
The bony structure (rib cage) that protects the heart and lungs; composed of ribs, sternum, and upper spinal column.
61
Ribs (Costals)
Total of 12 pairs, attaching posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae.
62
True Ribs (1-7)
Attach anteriorly to the sternum.
63
False Ribs (8-10)
Attach anteriorly to cartilage connecting to the sternum.
64
Floating Ribs (11-12)
Only attached posteriorly to vertebrae, no anterior attachment.
65
Sternum
Flat, dagger-shaped bone in the middle of the chest; joins with ribs to form rib cage front.
66
Manubrium
Upper portion of the sternum; shaped like a handle.
67
Body of the Sternum (Gladiolus)
Middle portion of the sternum; resembles a small sword.
68
Xiphoid Process
Lower portion made of cartilage; shaped like a point.
69
Thoracic Vertebrae
Bones that make up the upper spine.
70
Costal Cartilage
Connective tissue that joins false ribs to the sternum.
71
Shoulders
Form the pectoral girdle, supporting the arms and hands.
72
Clavicle
Collar bone; slender bone connecting the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula.
73
Scapula
Shoulder blade; flat, triangular bone at the back of the shoulder.
74
Acromion
Extension of the scapula forming the high point of the shoulder.
75
Humerus
Bone of the upper arm.
76
Radius
Smaller, shorter forearm bone; runs along the thumb side.
77
Ulna
Larger, longer forearm bone; articulates with the humerus to form the elbow joint.
78
Olecranon Process
Projection on the upper ulna forming the point of the elbow (funny bone).
79
Carpals
Eight bones forming the wrist; part of the carpal tunnel.
80
Metacarpals
Five bones forming the palms of the hand.
81
Phalanges
14 bones of the fingers; four fingers have three bones each (distal, middle, proximal); thumb has two (distal, proximal).
82
Spinal Column (Vertebral Column)
Protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body. Composed of 26 vertebrae.
83
Vertebra
A single bony unit of the spinal column.
84
Lamina
Posterior portion of a vertebra where muscles and tendons attach.
85
Vertebral Foramen
Opening in the center of the vertebra for the spinal cord.
86
Intervertebral Disks
Cartilage pads that separate vertebrae and act as shock absorbers.
87
Cervical Vertebrae
First 7 vertebrae (C1-C7) forming the neck.
88
Thoracic Vertebrae
Next 12 vertebrae (T1-T12) forming the upper back.
89
Lumbar Vertebrae
Last 5 vertebrae (L1-L5) forming the lower back.
90
Sacrum
Triangular bone at the base of the spine formed by fused vertebrae.
91
Coccyx
Tailbone, formed by fused vertebrae at the spine's end.
92
Pelvis
Bony structure protecting internal organs and supporting lower extremities.
93
Ilium
Broad, blade-shaped bone forming the upper part of the pelvis.
94
Ischium
Lower posterior part of the pelvis, bears body weight when sitting.
95
Pubis
Anterior portion of the pelvis, located below the bladder.
96
Sacroiliac Joint
Slightly movable joint between the sacrum and ilium.
97
Pubic Symphysis
Cartilaginous joint uniting the left and right pubic bones.
98
Acetabulum
Hip socket where the femur meets the pelvis.
99
Femur
Thigh bone, the largest bone in the body.
100
Femoral Neck
Narrow area just below the head of the femur.
101
Patella
Kneecap, anterior part of the knee.
102
Popliteal
Posterior area behind the knee.
103
Cruciate Ligaments
Cross-shaped ligaments that allow knee movement.
104
Tibia
Shinbone, larger weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
105
Fibula
Smaller bone of the lower leg, next to the tibia.
106
Ankle
Joint connecting the lower leg and foot, allowing movement.
107
Tarsal Bones
Seven short bones forming the ankle.
108
Malleolus
Rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula.
109
Talus
Ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula.
110
Calcaneus
Heel bone, the largest tarsal.
