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PE Paper 1 > skeletal and muscular systems > Flashcards

skeletal and muscular systems Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

name the type of joint that is found at the shoulder and hip

A

ball and socket

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2
Q

name the two ball and socket joints

A

shoulder, hip

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3
Q

what type of joint is the knee, elbow and ankle

A

hinge

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4
Q

give 3 examples of a hinge joint

A

ankle, knee, elbow

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5
Q

what is the joint at the wrist called

A

condyloid

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6
Q

what is an example of a condyloid joint

A

wrist

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7
Q

what is an example of a condyloid joint

A

wrist

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8
Q

what are the articulating bones of the shoulder

A

humerous, scapula

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9
Q

what are the articulating bones of the hip joint

A

pelvis, femus

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10
Q

what are the articulating bones of the knee joint

A

femur, tibia

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11
Q

what are the articulating bones at an elbow joint

A

humerous, radius, ulna

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12
Q

what are the articulating bones of the ankle joint

A

tibia, talus, fibula

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13
Q

what are the articulating bones of the wrist joint

A

carples, ulna, radius

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14
Q

what joint actions happen at the elbow

A

flexion, extension

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15
Q

what are the joint actions of the knee

A

flexion, extension

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16
Q

what are the joint actions of the wrist

A

flexion, extension

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17
Q

what are the joint actions at the ankle

A

plantar flexion, dorsi flexion

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18
Q

what joint actions happen at the shoulder

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

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19
Q

what joint actions happen at the hip

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation

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20
Q

what joint actions happen in the sagittal plane

A

flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsi flexion
(SEF)

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21
Q

what joint actions happen in the frontal plane

A

abduction, adduction
(FAA)

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22
Q

what joint actions happen in the transverse plane

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A

horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

23
Q

what is the agonist

Study These Flashcards
A

the muscle responsible for the movement at the joint

24
Q

what is the antagonist

Study These Flashcards
A

the muscle that has an action opposite to the agonist

25
what is the fixator
the muscle that stabilises the joint
26
what is an isotonic muscle contraction
the muscle contracts and changes length
27
what is an isometric muscle contraction
the muscle contracts but doesn't change length or width
28
what is a concentric muscle contraction
where the muscle shortens as it contracts
29
what is an eccentric muscle contraction
where the muscle lengthens as it contracts
30
what is the agonist and antagonist for flexion and extension at the elbow
flexion: agonist= bicep brachii, antagonist= tricep brachii extension: agonist= tricep brachii, antagonist= bicep brachii
31
what is the agonist and antagonist for dorsi and plantar flexion at the ankle
dorsi flexion: agonist= tibialis anterior, antagonist= gastrocnemius plantar flexion: agonist= gastrocnemius, antagonist= tibialis anterior
32
what is the agonist and antagonist for flexion and extension at the knee
flexion: agonist= bicep femoris (hamstring), antagonist= rectus femoris (quads) extension: agonist= rectus femoris, antagonist= bicep femoris
33
what is the agonist and antagonist for flexion and extension at the wrist
flexion: agonist= wrist flexors, antagonist= wrist extensors extension: agonist= wrist extensors, antagonist= wrist flexors
34
what is the agonist and antagonist for flexion and extension at the hip
flexion: agonist= illiopsoas, antagonist= gluteus maxiumus extension: agonist= gluteus maximus, antagonist= illiopsoas
35
what are the antagonistic pairs for abduction and adduction at the hip
abduction: agonist= gluteus medius, antagonist= adductor longus adduction: agonist= adductor longus, antagonist= gluteus medius
36
what are the antagonist pairs for medial and lateral rotation at the hip
medial rotation: agonist = gluteus minimus, antagonist= gluteus maximus lateral rotation: agonist= gluteus maximus, antagonist= gluteus minimus
37
what is the antagonistic pair for flexion and extension at the shoulder
flexion: anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid extension: posterior deltoid, anterior deltoid
38
what is the antagonistic pair for adduction and abduction at the shoulder
adduction: latissimus dorsi, medial deltoid abduction: medial deltoid, latissimus dorsi
39
what is the antagonistic pair for horizontal flexion and extension at the shouder
horizontal flexion: pectoralis major, trapezius horizontal extension: trapezius, pectoralis major
40
what is the antagonistic pair for medial and lateral rotation at the shoulder
medial rotation: teres major, teres minor lateral rotation: teres minor, teres major
41
what is a motor neuron
a nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres
42
what is a motor unit
a motor neuron and the muscle fibres it stimulates
43
what are small muscles used for
fine motor control
44
describe the role of a motor unit
- nerve impulse is initiated in the motor neuron cell body - nerve impulse conducted down the axon of the motor neuron by a nerve action potential to the synaptic cleft - neurotransmitter called acetylcholine is secreted into the synaptic cleft to conduct the nerve impulse across the gap to muscle fibres - if the electrical charge is above a threshold the muscle fibre will contract - tis happens in an "all or none" fashion
45
list 5 functional characteristics of slow oxidative muscle fibres
- high oxidative capacity - low anaerobic capacity - high resistance to fatigue - slow speed of contraction - low force of contraction - red in colour
46
list 5 functional characteristics of fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres
-fast contractions -high force of contraction -moderate oxidative capacity - high anaerobic capacity -moderate resistance to fatigue - pink in colour
47
list 5 functional characteristics of fast glycolytic muscle fibres
-fastest speed of contractions -highest force of contractions -low oxidative capacity - high anaerobic capacity -low resistance to fatigue -white in colour
48
list 6 structural characteristics of slow oxidative fibers
- small neuron size - few fibers per neuron - high capillary density - high mitochondria density - high myoglobin content - low PC stores
49
list 6 structural characteristics of fast oxidative muscle fibres
- large neurons - many fibres per neuron - high capillary density - moderate mitochondria density - moderate myoglobin density - high PC stores
50
list 6 structural characteristics of fast glycolytic fibres
- large neuron - many fibres per neuron - low capillary density - low mitochondria density - low myoglobin density - high PC stores
51
high athletes will have the highest percentage of slow oxidative muscle fibres
- marathon runners - triathletes - cross- country runners - skiers
52
which athletes will have the highest percentage of fast oxidative muscle fibres
800-1500m runner 200m freestyle swim
53
which athletes will have the highest percentage of fast glycolytic fibres
explosive athletes: - 60-100m sprint - javelin - long jump

PE Paper 1 (18 decks)

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