Skeletal And Muscular Systems Flashcards
(7 cards)
The skeleton
Main functions:
Support
Protection
Movement
Attachment
Blood cells
Mineral storage
Storage of chemical energy
Skeleton
206 bones
Largest: Femur
Hand - 26 bones
Nose/ears - cartilage (not bone)
Male and female have slightly different skeletons. Female: wider pelvis. Male: thicker and longer legs and arms
Joints
Fibrous joints - connect bones and allow no movement e.g. skull, pelvis
Cartilaginous joints - connects bones and are attached by cartilage. Slightly more flexible e.g. spine, ribs
Synovial joints - cavities between bones are filled with synovial fluid. These are the most flexible joints.
Movements:
-Adbuction; away from the midline of the body
-Adduction; towards the midline of the body
-Extension; straightening limbs at joint
-Flexion; bending limbs at joint
-Rotation; a circular movement around a fixed point
Synovial Joints
Gliding; move to over a flat surface (within hand)
Hinge; movement on one plane (elbow or knee)
Pivot; movement is purely rotational (Turing your head)
Condyloid; movement in two planes (wrist)
Saddle; similar to condyloid but surfaces are concave and conveys (base of thumb)
Ball and socket: movement in all directions (shoulder)
Muscular system
Main functions:
Keeps heart beating
Helps with locomotion
Gives body shape
Protects organs and bones
650 muscles
Voluntary and involuntary movements
Muscles
Skeletal muscles
- Contracts to move bone
- Connected to bone by tendons
- Voluntary
Smooth muscle
- Walls of many organs
- Involuntary
Cardiac muscle
- In the heart
- Involuntary
Movement
Muscles work together = “Muscle co-ordination”
Biceps and triceps - one contracts while the other relaxes to generate a single movement
Locomotion - through interaction of skeletal and muscular system ( co-ordinated by nervous system)
Muscles can only work when stimulated by nerve
A muscle must have a strong blood supply to preform contractions
Blood takes oxygen and food to muscle
