Skeletal and Smooth Muscle

Question 1

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 1

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 2

What type of cartilage is a symphyses joint made of?

Answer 2

Fibrocartilage

Question 3

What type of cartilage is a synchondrosis joint made of?

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage

Question 4

What are thin filaments made of?

Answer 4

1. G-actin

2. F-actin

Question 5

fetal structure which gives rise to the pulmonary trunk

Answer 5

conus arteriosis

Question 6

Legamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the ____ ____

Answer 6

ductus arteriosus

Question 7

Extrafusal fibers are _____ motor neurons

Answer 7

alpha

Question 8

Intrafusal fibers are ____ motor neurons

Answer 8

gamma

Question 9

What two types of sensors are within the muscle spindle?

Answer 9

1. nuclear chain fibers

2. nuclear bag fibers

Question 10

What do muscle spindles do?

Answer 10

sense rate of stretch in the deep tendon reflex

Question 11

What are Type I fibers?

Answer 11

Slow twitch muscles. Endurance. Small diameter. Aerobic respiration. Resist fatigue. Low stores of glycogen.

Question 12

What are Type IIa fibers?

Answer 12

Intermediate twitch muscles

Question 13

What are Type IIb fibers?

Answer 13

Fast twitch fibers.

Question 14

Type I fibers are red due to _______

Answer 14

high amount of myoglobin

Question 15

Type IIb fibers are white due to ______

Answer 15

lack of myoglobin content

Question 16

Reflex circuitry is located ______

Answer 16

exclusively in the spinal cord

Question 17

Actin and myosin overlap in smooth muscle, giving rise to a ______ _______

Answer 17

Dense Body

Question 18

What are the two noncontractile intermediate filaments located in smooth muscle?

Answer 18

Desmin and Vimentin

Question 19

How many calcium molecules bind to calmodulin in contraction?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

Define extensibility

Answer 20

Ability of a muscle to stretch to its normal resting length and beyond

Question 21

Elasticity

Answer 21

ability of a muscle to recoil back to its original length after being stretched

Question 22

What are satellite cells?

Answer 22

stem cells under skeletal muscle basement membrane

Question 23

Darker bands in a muscle are __ bands. The lighter bands are __ bands.

Answer 23

Dark - A bands

Light - I bands

Question 24

What is the largest protein known?

Answer 24

Titin

Question 25

What binds to the Z and M lines of a muscle?

Answer 25

Titin

Question 26

Where is Dystrophin found?

Answer 26

Just inside the sarcolmma

Question 27

Dystrophin transfers force from the contractile system to the outside of the cells via membrane-spanning proteins called _______

Answer 27

Integrins

Question 28

How do muscle shorten during contraction?

Answer 28

Actin slides over myosin

Question 29

Troponin-tropomyosin complex regulates contraction in response to ____

Answer 29

calcium

Question 30

Thin filaments are composed of ____, _____, and _____

Answer 30

actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

Question 31

How is the myosin head dislodged from actin after the power stroke?

Answer 31

ATP

Question 32

Why does rigor mortis occur?

Answer 32

the muscles are unable to relax due to lack of ATP following death

Question 33

When can optimal force from a muscle can be produced?

Answer 33

From rest

Question 34

High levels of troponin in the blood can indicate what? (2 things)

Answer 34

1. heart attack | 2. recent exercise

Question 35

What is a motor endplate?

Answer 35

Where a motor neuron synapses on the sarcolemma

Question 36

The infoldings of a motor endplate are lined with ______

Answer 36

ACh receptors

Question 37

What is the purpose of T-Tubules?

Answer 37

to bring stimulation/signal from a motor unit deep inside a muscle cell so all sarcomeres can be contracted

Question 38

Depolarization wave goes all the way down the T-tubles to the _______ channels

Answer 38

L-Type Ca2+ channels

Question 39

L-Type Ca2+ channels are mechanically coupled to _____ channels, which release Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm

Answer 39

Ryanodine channels

Question 40

Ca2+ binds to subunit on _____, hich reveals the binding site for myosin

Answer 40

troponin

Question 41

Botulinum toxin interferes with _____ release

Answer 41

ACh

Question 42

How does Curare cause paralysis?

Answer 42

binds/blocks ACh receptors

Question 43

What is Myasthenia gravis?

Answer 43

Paralysis from antibodies blocking ACh from reaching muscle fibers

Question 44

What is a possible treatment for Myasthenia gravis?

Answer 44

Eserine

Question 45

Does the heart undergo temporal summation of twitches from individual action potentials?

Answer 45

FUCK NO! only skeletal muscle does that shit

Question 46

What is Tetanus?

Answer 46

a sustained contraction in skeletal muscle

Question 47

What is the difference between Isometric and Isotonic contraction?

Answer 47

Isometric - muscle is stimulated but *doesn't move* | Isotonic - muscle shortens with stimulation

Question 48

What is creatine phosphate?

Answer 48

Energy source/protein present in muscle

Question 49

Once creatine phosphate is drained, how does the muscle use energy?

Answer 49

1. Anaerobic respiration - buildup of lactic acid | 2. Aerobic respiration - needs oxygen. Produces more ATP than anaerobic

Question 50

What is the difference between visceral and multiunit smooth muscle?

Answer 50

visceral - functional unit that works through gap junctions | multiunit - individual nerve endings to individual muscle fibers

Question 51

Smooth muscle cell margins contain _____

Answer 51

caveolae

Question 52

Smooth muscle has small indentations of _____ _____ instead of receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 52

pinocytotic vesicles

Question 53

Contraction is mediated by _____ ______ _____

Answer 53

Myosin Filmanet Proteins

Question 54

Relaxation is mediated by ____ _____ ______

Answer 54

Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase