Skeletal Function & Structure

Question 1

What does the skeleton do?

Answer 1

1. Organ support & protection
2. Structure, posture
3. movement
4. Blood production
5. Storage of minerals

Question 2

What is the axial skeleton

Answer 2

Bones that make up the head and trunk of the body

Question 3

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

Limbs that support/ produce from the trunk

Question 4

Long bone

Answer 4

1. Longer than wide (femur)
2. Acts as levers
3. Locomotion and support

Question 5

Short bone

Answer 5

1. Equal dimensions
2. Absorbs impacts
3. Hands, wrists, feet, ankles

Question 6

Flat bone

Answer 6

1. Strong flat plates on bone
2. Protects organs
3. Muscles attached to them
4. Skull, rib cage, pelvis

Question 7

Sesamoid bones

Answer 7

1. Short irregular
2. Embedded into tendon
3. Reduce friction
4. Knee cap

Question 8

Irregular bone

Answer 8

1. Odd shaped
2. Protection, support, anchor points
3. Vertebrae (spine) & pelvis

Question 9

Largest organ of the body

Answer 9

The skin
Protects from damage

Question 10

Components of skin

Answer 10

Hair
Skin
Glands
Claws/ nails
Horns/ antlers
Feathers
Scales

Question 11

Epidermis

Answer 11

Waterproof outer layer
Elastic
Skin colour

Question 12

Dermis

Answer 12

Middle layer
Hair follicles, nerves, blood vessels, glands
Regulates body temp

Question 13

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 13

Connective tissues
High amount of fat

Question 14

Fibrous joints
Sgnarthroses joint

Answer 14

Fixed tissue
No movement
Face/ head

Question 15

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 15

Slight movement
Ribs spine

Question 16

Synovial joints
Diarthroses joint

Answer 16

Wide range of movement
Elbow, knee, shoulder, hips, toes & fingers

Question 17

Structure of synovial joints

Answer 17

Hyaline cartilage
Protects bones, stops friction, shock absorber

Question 18

What is a ligament

Answer 18

Joins bone to bone
Stabilises joints

Question 19

What is a tendon

Answer 19

Joins muscles to bone
Makes movement

Question 20

What does the synovial membrane do

Answer 20

Produces synovial fluid

Question 21

What does Synovial fluid do

Answer 21

cushions movement
Stops friction

Question 22

What does fibrous joint capsules do

Answer 22

Gives protection

Question 23

Types of synovial joints

Answer 23

Hinge joint
Piviot joint
Ball and socket joint
Rotation joint
Gliding joint
Saddle joint
Condyloid joint

Question 24

What does the hinge joint do

Answer 24

Flexion & extension
Elbow, jaw, knee

Question 25

What does the pivot joint do

Answer 25

Rotation of one joint around another Top of neck = cervical vertebrae = appendicular and axial

Question 26

Ball & socket

Answer 26

Flexion & extension Addiction & abduction Internal & external rotation Wrists, ankles, shoulders, hips

Question 27

Gliding joint

Answer 27

Gliding movement Knee cap

Question 28

Condyloid joint

Answer 28

Flexion & extension Addiction & abduction Elbow, wrists, base of insect finger

Question 29

Saddle joint

Answer 29

Most movement but rotation Thumb

Question 30

Ranges of movement for synovial joints

Answer 30

Flexion & Extension Addiction & Abduction Rotation Gliding Protraction & Retraction

Question 31

Flexion movement Extension movement

Answer 31

Reduction angle between two bones Increases angle between two bones

Question 32

Rotation movement

Answer 32

Joints can twist on own axis

Question 33

Abduction movement Addiction movement

Answer 33

Moves away from body Moves towards body

Question 34

Gliding movement

Answer 34

Surfaces of a joint slide over another

Question 35

Protraction movement Retraction movement

Answer 35

Limb moving forward away from body Limb moving backwards away from body