Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P Exam III > Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Largest contributor to body weight and volume in non-obese people

A

Skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the skeletal muscle store for energy

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does skeletal muscle absorb glucose

A

GLUT-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens if we are given too much insulin

A

It is absorbed and stored by the skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is one of the ways the body maintains body temp

A

Basal Resting Tone - Micro contractions by the skeletal muscle. These contractions produce heat to maintain our body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example of fine skeletal muscle control

A

Vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do ligaments attach and give an example

A

Bone to bone
Patellar/ACL/MCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do tendons attach and give an example

A

Bone to muscle
Achilles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How sturdy are tendons and ligaments

A

Both strong and durable unless overly exerted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the anatomy of a muscle from largest to smallest

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Fasciculous
  3. Muscle fiber (cell)
  4. Myofibril
  5. Sarcomere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the fasciculous composed of

A

A group of muscle fibers (cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a motor unit comprised of

A
  1. Collection of muscle fibers
  2. Motor neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is graded movements

A

The ability to provide different amounts of force utilizing smaller MU’s and larger MU’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are smaller MU’s or larger MU’s easier to excite

A

smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does myoglobin do

A

Takes O2 from hemoglobin and helps load it into muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 skeletal muscle

A
  1. Type 1 - “Red” “Slow”, lots of myoglobin, lots of mitochondria due to needing energy over a long period of time (Duck meat) Red due to high amounts of iron
  2. Type 2 - “White” “Fast Twitch”, very little myoglobin, fewer mitochondria. Not as efficient at using energy. (Chicken breast, wings)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why should we eat red meat in moderation

A

Lots of iron, which is an oxidizer and increases incidences of cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Difference between mens and womens multivitamins

A

Mens usually do not have iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the blue line represent

A

Duration of depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the sarcolemma

A

Outer membrane of skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the sarcoplasm

A

Fluid under the cell wall (sarcolemma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Where calcium is stored, also produces lipids and proteins. (ER of the sarcomere)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the transverse tubules

A

A channel that helps an action potential to run through the muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functional unit of the skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Thick part of the sarcomere
Myosin filament
26
Thin part of the sarcomere
Actin filament
27
What makes parts of the sarcomere lighter or darker
The presence of myosin makes sections darker
28
What does the Z disk signify
The end of the sarcomere
29
What is the I band composed of
Only actin
30
What is the A band composed of
Actin and myosin
31
What is the H band composed of
Only myosin
32
What is the M line
Middle of the H band
33
On a basic level, what is a skeletal muscle contraction
Myosin will use its head to pull the I band towards the A band I band gets smaller, A band stays the same length
34
# What happens to each part during contraction 1. A band 2. I band 3. H band 4. Z disks
1. Usually doesn't change width during contraction 2. Shrinks 3. Move closer together
35
How are skeletal muscle nuclei different from other nuclei
There are multiple nuclei in each cell. This is due to the length of the cells themselves and the density, making it difficult for nuclei to travel to areas that need repair. Compared to neuronal nuclei that can move more freely.
36
What do myosin heads bind to
F-actin
37
How many myosin light chains for every heavy chain
2
38
What are myosin thick filaments composed of
2 heavy myosin chains wrapped around eachother, both with 2 myosin light chains (4 in total)
39
Where do myosin heads bind on actin
Active sites
40
What is F-actin entwined with
Tropomyosin
41
What does tropomyosin do
Blocks active sites on F-actin
42
How are F-actin active sites exposed
Ca++ bathes the actin filament, which binds Troponin C. Troponin T (which is bound to tropomyosin) and Troponin I (which is bound to F-actin), then move away from eachother causing F-actin and tropomyosin to unwind enough to expose the active site
43
What are troponin complexes
Troponin C Troponin T Troponin I
44
Explain cross bridge cycling
1. The myosin head is bound by phosphate and ADP. It is "cocked" and in its resting state 2. Ca++ causes the active site to be exposed and the myosin head attaches itself (weak corrs bridge state) 3. The phosphate then leaves the myosin head causing a stronger bond of the myosin head to the active site (strong cross bridge state) 4. ADP then leaves the myosin head causing it to pull the actin filament (post powerstroke state) 5. At this point the myosin head is in an (attached state) until ATP comes and binds to the myosin head causing it to release 6. The ATP is hydrolized to ADP and phosphate which reprimes the myosin head to its cocked state
45
What is rigamortus caused by (not just death)
Depletion of ATP, myosin heads can't release from actin
46
Another name for terminal schwann cells
Teloglial cell
47
How many muscle cells can a single motor neuron connect to
One or many
48
What is the purpose of subneural clefts
Allows more surface area for ion channels on the post synaptic cell
49
How do the pre and post synaptic cells deal with high energy consumption
A lot of mitochrondria on both ends
50
What type of channels are deep inside the subneural cleft
V-G Na+ channels
51
What are some safety mechanisms in the motor unit and what are they for
1. Excess AcH is released, much more than needed 2. Typically only 10% of V-G Na+ channels are activated, the other 90% are in reserve 3. These ensure that the muscle cell is being activated
52
Name the subunits of a "mature" nicotinic ACh receptor
2 Alpha subunits 1 Beta subunit 1 Delta subunit 1 Epsilon subunit
53
What ions move through Nicotinic ACh receptors
Primary - Na+ Ca++ not as easily (larger) K+ moves out of cell (not a significant amount)
54
Why do negative ions not move through nicotinic ACh receptors
Negatively charged amino acids in the wall of the channel that repel negatively charged ions
55
Smooth/cardiac muscle vs skeletal muscle on calcium
Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are more dependent on blood calcium Skeletal muscle produces its own calcium through SR
56
Name for calcium release channels
Ryanodine receptors (RyR1)
57
What is a DHP receptor
Receptor in cleft that will sense an action potential and signal the SR to release calcium.
58
How is calcium reabsorbed into the SR
SR endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)
59
What stores and binds calcium in the SR
Calsequestrin
60
Why is calcequestrin important
More Ca++ bound to it means more Ca++ out of SR solution which allows more Ca++ to enter the SR at a time
61
Explain E-C Coupling
1. Motor neuron depolarizes 2. Ca++ influx into motor neuron 3. ACh vessicles fuse to presynaptic membrane 4. ACh secreted by presynaptic neuron 5. ACh interacts with nACh receptors 6. Na+ comes in (1st) Ca++ comes in (2nd) 7. Na+ and Ca++ influx generates end plate potential 8. Local depolarization 9. AP spreads down muscle fibers in both directions 10. Action potential spreads via V-G Na+ channels, including down T-tubules 11. Muscle depolarization sensed by DHP receptors 12. DHP pulls on ryanodine receptors 13. Ca++ influx into SR
62
List AChesterase inhibitors
Neostigmine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine
63
What is an important component of tension
An optimal amount of stretch
64
# What do A, B, C, and D tell us
A. No room to shorten B. Optimal C. Optimal D. Too stretched out
65
Give an example of how an injury affects muscles ability to contract
Achiles tendon rupture Gastrocnemius rolls up and loses all stretch. So no ability to contract. Even after repair the tendon will be shortened which will have a chronic affect on function
66
Explain Frank-Starling mechanism
Force of contraction is directly dependent on stretch of heart muscle or CO directly proportional to venous return
67
Passive tension =
Stretch
68
Active tension =
Muscle contraction
69
Total tension =
Active tension + passive tension
70
Where does passive tension come from
Tendons
71
How do load and contraction velocity correlate
Increased load = decreased muscle contraction speed
72
What is tettany
Constant strong contractions
73
Atrophy
Loss of skeletal muscle cells. Hard to regenerate muscle cells
74
Hypertrophy
Increased myofibrils over time
75
In hypertrophy what differs between myofibrils and skeletal muscle cells
Skeletal muscle cells do not typically duplicate or do so very slowly Myofibril duplication is what adds muscle mass
76
What is hyperplasia
Replication of actual muscle cells (usually requires specific drugs)

A&P Exam III (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions