Skeletal + Muscular System

Question 1

define a joint?

Answer 1

2 or more bones articulate

Question 2

give an example of the different types of bones ?

Answer 2

long - femur, metacarpals
short, tarsals, carpals
irregular - vertebrae, sacrum
flat - ribs, scapula, sternum
sesamoid

Question 3

Define the 2 types of skeleton and their function

Answer 3

Axial - the CNS
- provides support, stuctrual framework + attach points
- protects vital organs

Appendicular - upper and lower limbs
- responsible for movement

Question 4

State factors that influence joint stability :

Answer 4

• shape + location of the joint
• Flexibility of the ligament
• deep joint capsule
• greater muscle mass

Question 5

Differentiate the terms tendon and ligament

Answer 5

Ligament - bone to bone
Tendon - muscle to bone

Question 6

Differentiate between the Muscle types

Answer 6

Cardiac - involuntary, branched, striated,
Skeletal - voluntary, bundled, movement
Smooth - involuntary, non striated, moving substances around the body (intestines)

Question 7

State the muscular functions

Answer 7

Movement
Stability
Generating body heat
Moving Substances

Question 8

3 properties of muscle tissue

Answer 8

Extensibility - over extending or lengthening muscle tissues
Contractility - muscles contract and shorten
Elasticity - muscles returning to resting state after being shortened or lengthen

Question 9

Differentiate between CNS and PNS

Answer 9

CNS - brain + spine
it has the most control + 5 senses

PNS - spinal column to limbs/other body parts

Question 10

Hypertrophy V Atrophy
1) transient
2) chronic

Answer 10

Hypertrophy - an increase in muscle size
1) temporary - build of blood plasma in the muscle
2) long-lasting as a result of training

Atrophy - loss of muscle
as a result of inactivity or injury

Question 11

Type of muscle contractions

Answer 11

Isometric - muscles contract, length doesn’t change
Isotonic ecc - lengthening of a muscle during contraction
isotonic con - shortening of a muscle during a contraction
Isokinetic - muscles contract at a constant speed around a joint

Question 12

What is an agonist and antagonist ?

Answer 12

Muscles contract and shorten when stimulated
- produce the most force

Muscles relax and lengthen

Question 13

what is an insertion?

Answer 13

Muscles attached to a moveable bone

Question 14

what is a fixator ?

Answer 14

Muscles that prevent a bone from moving

Question 15

What is a synergist?

Answer 15

aides the agonist

Question 16

Distinguish between fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joint ?

Answer 16

Fibrous;
-no movement
- thin layers of fibrous tissues
Cartilaginous;
- Separated by layers of cartilage
- limited movement
Synovial;
- free movement
- Unique shapes and sizes

Question 17

what is fascia ?

Answer 17

connective tissue between and surrounding bones
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium

Question 19

Levers

Answer 19

1) EFL
2) ELF
3) FEL

Question 20

MA is ?

Answer 20

effort arm / load arm

Question 21

what is a vector ?

Answer 21

measurement with both size and direction

Question 22

what is a scalar ?

Answer 22

measurement only size

Question 22

Newtons LAW

Answer 22

1) Inertia
2) Acceleration; F=MA
3) Reaction;

Question 23

Factors influencing stability

Answer 23

• mass
• Position of line gravity
• size of base support
• height of center of mass

Question 24

what is torque ? what factors influence torque?

Question 25

Moment of inertia and equation ?