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3B-Keira Brown > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A

support and protection, body movement, produce blood cells, strorage of minerals and fats

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

supports upright position and protects internal organs

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3
Q

how many bones in axial?

A

80 bones

skull, vertebrate, ribe cage, sternum

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4
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

portion of skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support
appendages
limbs

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5
Q

how many bones in appendicular skeleton?

A

126

arms, legs, feet

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6
Q

how many total bones in body

A

206

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7
Q

what are the 5 classifications

A

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

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8
Q

long bones

A

cylinder shaped longer than wide, gives leverage

ex. femur, tibia, radius

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9
Q

short

A

cube like shape, equal in width length and thickness

ex carpals and tarsals

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10
Q

flat

A

thin and curved, points of attachment for muscles

ex sternum, ribs, cranial bones

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11
Q

irregular

A

complex shape and protects internal organs, vertebrae, facial bones

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12
Q

sesamoid

A

small and round embedded in tendons

ex patellae

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13
Q

epiphysis

A

end

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14
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft

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15
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, padding

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16
Q

periosteum

A

membrane that covers entire bone

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17
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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18
Q

red marrow

A

blood

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19
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat

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20
Q

compact

A

wall of diaphysis

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21
Q

spongy

A

epiphysis- red marrow

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22
Q

Pivot

A

`Uniaxial joints, allows rotational movement

ex. altantoaxial joint

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23
Q

hinge

A

uniaxial joint, allows flexion and extension

ex. Knee, elbow

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24
Q

condyloid

A

biaxial joint, allows flexion/extensions, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements

ex. knuckle

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25
saddle
biaxle joint, allows flexion/extensions, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements ex. thumb
26
plane
multiaxial joint, allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column ex. intertarsal joints of foot
27
ball and socket
multiaxial joint, allows flexion/extensions, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements, and medial/ lateral rotation movements ex. shoulder and hip
28
flexion/ extension
take place in sagital plane, involve anterior or posterior movements of the body flexion is decrease the angle, bending knee up extension is increase in angle, bending knee straight
29
adduction/ abduction/ circumduction
condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket joints. ADDuction moves towards from midline of body ABDuction moves away from the midline circumduction movement of a body region in a circular manner
30
Rotation
can occur in vertebral column
31
medial/lateral
medial(internal rotation)- movement that brings anterior surface of limb towards the midline of the body Lateral(external) rotation- rotation so that anterior surfaces moves away from midline
32
supination/pronation
pronation- the motion that forearm is supinated anatomical position to the pronated position. Supinated- opposite motion. holding soup
33
dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
hinge joint. dorsiflexion if your foot flexing up, plantar is pointing foot to ground
34
inversion/ eversion
inversion is the turning of the foot to the angle of the bottom of the foot towards the midline. Eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline
35
protraction
protraction is sticking jaw forward | retraction is pulling jaw back
36
depression /elevation
elevation is lifting shoulder up | depression pushing shoulder down
37
opposition/ reposition
opposition thumb to top of point | reposition is spreading fingers out
38
how many bones are in the cranium?
22 bones
39
what is the only moveable bone in the skull?
mandible, lower jaw
40
what are the five vertebral regions?
from superior to inferior -seven cervical vertebrae -12 thoracic curve -in-vertebral disc 5 lumbar vertebrae -sacrum coccyx
41
how many vertebrae in cervical?
7 (C1-C7)
42
how many vertebrae thoracic?
12 (T1-T12)
43
how many vertebrae in lumbar?
5 (L1-L5)
44
scoliosis
is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column.
45
kyphosis
eferred to as humpback or hunchback, is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region
46
Lordosis
an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy.
47
what does the thoracic cage protect?
protects heart and lungs
48
costal cartilage
These cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage and can extend for several inches. Most ribs are then attached, either directly or indirectly, to the sternum via their costal cartilage.
49
3 types of ribs and how many of each?
true ribs- 1-7 false ribs- 8-12 floating- 11-12
50
main bones of the pectoral girdle
scapula (shoulder blade), | clavicle(color bone),
51
humerus
superior bone in arm
52
ulna
one of the forearm bones , on the pinky side
53
carpals
wrist, made of 8 small bones
54
metacarpals
the bones in palm
55
phalanges
fingers or toe
56
femur
largest bone, thigh
57
tibia
one of two long bones on the lower leg, tibia is larger on inside
58
fibula
the other long bone in lower leg and is outside and smaller
59
tarsals
most proximal bone in foot
60
metatarsals
2nd most proximal bones in foot
61
transverse fracture
occurs straight across the long axis of the bone
62
oblique fracture
occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees
63
spiral
bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting
64
comminuted
several breaks results in many small pieces between two large segments
65
impacted
one fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression.
66
greenstick
a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken
67
open
a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bones tears through the skin; carries risk of infection
68
closed
fracture in which skin remains intact

3B-Keira Brown (10 decks)

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