Skeletal System Flashcards
(37 cards)
Axial Skeleton definition plus function
The bones that make up the central core of the skeleton and protect the organs which lie within it.
Appendicular Skeleton definition plus function
The bones outside of the central core which make up the limbs and allows movement of the human body.
All bones in the Axial Skeleton (9 bones)
Cranium, Sternum, Ribs, Vertebral column, Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum and Coccyx
All bones in the Upper Appendicular Skeleton (8 bones)
Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals and Phalanges
All bones in the Lower Appendicular Skeleton (11 bones)
Pelvis, Ilium, Ischium, Pubis, Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Talus, Tarsals, Metatarsals
What are the functions of the Skeleton plus short definition? (6)
Shape- bones define our height, face etc
Support- supports our organs with something for them to attach to
Protection- covers our vital organs like our brain, lungs etc
Movement- bones can move with attachment points
Blood Cell Production- inside bone marrow red and white blood cells are made
Mineral Storage- calcium and phosphorous are stored within the bones
What are the Types of Bones plus short definition? (5)
Long-bones longer than they are wide
Short- bones that are short and almost cubic
Flat- bones flatter than they are wide
Irregular- bones that don’t fit into any other category
Sesamoid- smooth bones found in joints for tendons to slide over
The three types of Joints?
Fixed/Fused Joints- allow no movement such as the cranium
Slightly Moveable/ Cartilaginous Joints- moves only with cartilage such as the vertebrae
Freely Moveable/ Synovial Joint- allow a greater range of movement depending on the type of synovial joint
Each type of Synovial Joint and where they are found (6)
Ball and Socket Joint- Shoulder and Hip Condyloid Joint- Wrist and Toes/ Fingers Saddle Joint- Thumb Hinge Joint- Elbow, Knee and Ankle Pivot Joint- Neck Gliding- Carpals, Tarsals and Lower vertebrae
Description of Articular Cartilage (Synovial Joint)
covers the end of bones to reduce fiction as the bones move across each other
Description of Ligament (Synovial Joint)
holds two ends of bones together and stabilises the bones whilst moving
Description of Synovial Membrane (synovial Joint)
a layer around the synovial joint that produces and contains synovial fluid within it
Description of Synovial Fluid (Synovial Joint)
thick white fluid that reduces friction in a joint
Description of Menisci (synovial Joint)
pads of tissue that lie in between articular cartilage and in synovial fluid, acting as shock absorbers
Description of Pads of Fat (Synovial Joint)
friction reducers in the knee, sitting below the patella and in the ends of femur and tibia
Description of Bursae (Synovial Joint)
small sacks filled with fluid located where skin, ligament or bones could cause friction
Description of Joint Capsules (Synovial Joint)
Protective layers around a joint
Flexion (Description)
The bones are brought closer together and the angle of the joint decreases
Extension (Description)
The bones are moved apart and the angle of the joint increases
Lateral Flexion (Description)
The spine bending side to side
Abduction (Description)
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction (Description)
Movement towards the midline of the body
Horizontal Abduction/Flexion (Description)
Horizontal movement towards the midline of the body specifically at the ball and socket joints
Horizontal Adduction/Extension (Description)
Horizontal movement away from the midline of the body specifically at the ball and socket joints
