Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Skeletal System > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the adult body?

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There are five different types, defined according to their shape

A
  1. LONG
  2. SHORT
  3. FLAT
  4. IRREGULAR
  5. SESAMOID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of Long Bones

A

The body’s levers.

They allow movement, particularly in the limbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of Short Bones

A

Strong and compact bones.

Usually grouped in parts of the body where little movement is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Characteristics of flat bones

A

Protective bones with broad flat surfaces for muscle attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characteristics of irregular Bones

A

Bones that do not fit into the other categories and have different characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Characteristics of sesamoid Bones

A

A small independent bone or bony nodule developed in a tendon

The patella (kneecap)

The hyoid (base of the tongue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of long bones

A

clavicle

humerus

radius

ulna

tibia,

fibula,

femur,

metacarpals & metatarsals

phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of short bones

A

Carpals in the wrist

Tarsals in the ankles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Temporal

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Zygomatic

Maxilla

Mandible

Palatine

Inferior nasal concha /Turbinator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of flat bones

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Parietal,
  3. Frontal,
  4. Nasal,
  5. Vomer,
  6. Lacrimal (all of these are in the skull)
  7. Scapula (shoulder bone)
  8. Innominate bones (pelvis)
  9. Sternum (breastbone)
  10. Ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones

A

Patella (kneecap)

Hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The skeleton is divided into two parts

A

Axial and Appendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Axial consists of

A

Supports the head, neck and torso

Consists of the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Appendicular consists of

A

Supports the appendages or limbs and attaches them to the rest of the body.

It consists of the shoulder girdle, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of skeleton

A
  1. Support framework
  2. Provides attachments for muscles
  3. Forms joints to provide movement
  4. Forms erythrocytes in the bone marrow
  5. Stores calcium
  6. Protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two types of bone

A

Compact

Cancellous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

compact

A

Compact bone is found on the outside of most bones and in the shaft of long bones.

To the naked eye this looks like a solid structure but under a microscope it looks like honeycomb, i.e. full of holes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cancellous

A

This type of bone looks like a sponge

Found at the ends of long bones and in irregular, flat and sesamoid bones.

Bone marrow only exists in cancellous bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Haversian Canals

A

Haversian canals are passageways containing blood vessels in compact bone, lymph capillaries and nerves which run through the tissue.

21
Q

Medulla Cavity

A

The medullary cavity (medulla, innermost part) is the central cavity of bone shafts.

22
Q

perisosteum

A

The periosteum is a white thin membrane on the outside of your bones.

23
Q

osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells,

Osteoclasts resorb or break down bone

Osteocytes are mature bone cells.

24
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

25
Q

epiphysis

A

End part of a long bone

26
Q

Metaphysis

A

The metaphysis is the neck portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

27
Q

Red Marrow

A

Red marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

28
Q

Yellow Marrow

A

Yellow bone marrow is made mostly of fat.

Found in the medullary cavity in the shaft of long bones

29
Q

Ossification

A

The natural process of bone formation

30
Q

Types of Fractures

A

Simple

Compound

Greenstick

Impacted

Complicated

Comminuted

31
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

More common in soft and flexible bones especially children’s,

This is an incomplete fracture of a long bone

32
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

Impacted

A bone broken in several places

A bone which has been broken and then one end is driven into the other

33
Q

Complicated Fracture

A

A bone broken in several places

34
Q

Simple Fracture

A

Simple

(sometimes called closed)

A bone has broken in one place and not damaged the tissue around it

35
Q

Compound Fracture

A

Bone pierces the skin and/or communicates with the surfacof the skin through an open wound

36
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

A bone broken in several places

37
Q

Three types of deformities

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Environmental
  3. Traumatic
38
Q

congenital

A

Those which are present at birth or are hereditary.

39
Q

environmental

A

Sitting and standing incorrectly can cause long-term damage to the spine.

Many people in sedentary work are affected by these causes.

40
Q

Traumatic

A

Caused by accidents

41
Q

Kyphosis

A

An exaggerated outward (toward the posterior)

curvature of the thoracic spine

42
Q

Scoliosis

A

A sideways curvature of the spine

43
Q

Lordosis

A

An exaggerated outward (toward the posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine.

44
Q

foramen magnum

A

The foramen magnum is a large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the skull.

The spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblongata, passes through the foramen magnum as it exits the cranial cavity

45
Q

Tendon

A

A flexible cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

46
Q

Ligament

A

Ligaments are elastic bands of tissue that connect bones to each other and provide stability and strength to the joint

47
Q

cartilage

A
48
Q

Bursa/bursae

A

A bursa is a closed, fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body

49
Q

Tibia is also known as

A

The shin bone, the larger of the two bones in the lower leg.

The Skeletal System (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions