Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the importance of skeletal System

Answer 1

Provide support, shape, structure and protection for the body and production of red blood cells (Hematopoiesis)

Question 2

What is a skeletal system

Answer 2

Interconnected system of bones, ligaments and tendons

Question 3

Name the two divisions of skeletal system and provide an example

Answer 3

Axial Skeleton (Middle)
- Head bones, Facial bones, spinal column, coccyx

Appendicular skeleton
- long, short, irregular, sesamoid and flat

Question 4

Differentiate diaphysis from epiphysis

Answer 4

diaphysis (compact bone) and epiphysis (spongy bone)

Question 5

Give examples of long bones, short bones, irregular, flat and sesamoid bones

Answer 5

Long - humerus and femur
Short - carpals and tarsals
Sesamoid -knee cap
Irregular - vertebrae
Flat- skull

Question 6

What is periosteum

Answer 6

bone covering that protects bones

Question 7

What is a marrow cavity

Answer 7

the inside of the bone

Question 8

Differentiate joint, tendons and ligament

Answer 8

Joint is the point where bones meet or articulations
Tendons- are muscles attached to bones
Ligaments- elastic tissue that restricts movement, attaches bones and muscles

Question 9

Give example of long bones in arms and legs

Answer 9

Arm
- humerus, ulna, radius
Legs
- femur, fibula, tibia

Question 10

Differentiate ulna from radius and fibula from tibia

Answer 10

ulna - longer and thinner and is in the medial side of the forearm and extends from elbow to pinky
radius - thicker and is on the lateral side of the elbow

Fibula- thinner and smaller bone on the outside
Tibia - thicker and larger and is in the inside

Question 11

what are short bones and how do they differ from long bones

Answer 11

Short bones are found in areas where strength, compactness, and limited movement are desired

Long bones are found in limbs

Question 12

Examples of short bones

Answer 12

Carpals and tarsals
Metacarpals and metatarsals
phalanges

Question 13

How many bones are there in the skeletal system

Answer 13

206 bones

Question 14

Differentiate flat bones from irregular bones

Answer 14

flat bones is found in areas where protection or muscular attachment is desires

Irregular bones have a fairly complex shape, which helps protect internal organs

Question 15

Gives examples of flat bones

Answer 15

thoracic area, chest, skull and scapula

Question 16

Examples of irregular bones

Answer 16

vertebrae, sphenoid, hyoid and spinal column

Question 17

What are sesamoid bones and give an example

Answer 17

sesamoid bones are round bones. example: patella

Question 18

What is a cartilage and why is it important in the skeletal system

Answer 18

cartilage is a substance between bones. It is important because it Avoids breakage of bones when it moves and Gives allowance for bones to move w/o creating friction and allows certain movements

Question 19

What is a obturator foramen

Answer 19

Large hole through which nerves and muscles pass

Question 20

Role of pelvis in Skel. System

Answer 20

• base for appendicular skeleton
• Juncture point for axial skeleton and lower body

Question 21

How many bones are found in hands and feet?

Answer 21

27 each hand and 26 each foot

carpals -8 bones
tarsals - 7 bones
metacarpals - 5
metatarsals - 5
phalanges- 5

Question 22

What is a shoulder girdle

Answer 22

-called are pectoral girdle
composed of two bones: clavicle and scapula

Question 23

difference of clavicle from scapula

Answer 23

Clavicle (collar bone) is anterior and attached laterally to scapula. Acts as a brace, keeping arm away from thorax

Scapula (shoulder blade) is posterior and is an attachment of shoulder. Major point for muscle attachment for arm movements

Question 24

What are the classification of joint by mobility

Answer 24

Synarthrosis
- immovable joint
- Stable joints
Amphiarthrosis
- slightly moveable joint
- Combination of both synarthrosis and Diarthrosis
Diarthroses
- Freely movable

Question 25

Give examples of joints

Answer 25

Pivot Joints Balls and Socket Elbow Joint Saddle Joints Plane Joint

Question 26

Classification by connective tissue

Answer 26

Fibrous - usually synarthroses Synovial - diarthrosis cartilaginous - amphiarthrosis

Question 27

examples of fibrous, synovial and cartilaginous joints

Answer 27

fibrous- sutures of skull synovial - knees, legs, hands, and fingers cartilaginous - intervertebral joints

Question 28

what are the two attachments to the Forearm and define

Answer 28

-Trochlea articulate against bones of forearm -Olecranon fossa Shaped like spoon

Question 29

Explain the processes of the ulna

Answer 29

Olecranon process attached to humerus at olecranon fossa Allows for articulation between upper and lower arm

Question 30

What are the spinal column composed of

Answer 30

-Cervical bones - Thoracic bones (ribcage) - Lumbar bone (lower back) - Pelvic area bone (hips) - Sacral Bones

Question 31

Dirrentiate head bones from facial bones

Answer 31

Head bones -Collection of eight bones which hold and protects the brain Facial bones- 14 bones that makes up the face

Question 32

8 head bones

Answer 32

Frontal Occipital Parietal Temporal Sphenoid Zygomaticos Maxilla Mandible

Question 33

14 facial bones

Answer 33

Maxilla Mandible Palatine Lacrimal Nasal Zygomaticus Orbital Vomer Sphenoid Ethmoid Inferioir nasal conchae cribriform bone Sinuses

Question 34

What is intervertebral discs

Answer 34

Pads of cartillage between each vertebrae that provides cushioning to reduce shock

Question 35

Difference of ribs and bony thorax

Answer 35

Bony thorax - composed of connected bones that protects hearts and lungs. Composed of ribs, cotasl cartillage and sternum Ribs - component of bony thorax that has 12 pairs of bones connected to a thoracic vertebrae

Question 36

How many bones are there in the ribs and how many are true and how many are false and explain why it is false.

Answer 36

12 pairs of bones 7 true 5 false (2 pairs are floating) False because they are not directly attched to the sternum

Question 37

What is a sternum

Answer 37

It is a fusion of 3 bones which are manubrin (top), body (middle) and xiphoid process (bottom) It is a location for rib attachemenr and surrounded by costal cartilage

Question 38

What is a costal cartilage

Answer 38

Cartilages that connects the distal ends of the ribs to sternum and permit movement of the chest during respiration

Question 39

What is a spinal column

Answer 39

-made up of 26 bones that supports the body -connects skull to pelvis -sends weight down to pelvis, where it is transmitted through the legs -surround and protects spinal cord

Question 40

What are the 4 divisions of the spinal column

Answer 40

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Pelvic

Question 41

Give how many bones for each spinal division

Answer 41

Cervical-7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Pelvic - 9 (5 sacrum and 4 coccyx)

Question 42

What is the normal shape of the spine and give its abnormalites and explain

Answer 42

Normal shape - S Abnormalities: Scoliosis - sidewyas curvature of spine Kyphosis - forward rounding of upper back (shoulder is forward) Lorodosis - inward curve of lumbar spine ( shoulder back with tummy forward)