Skeletal system

Question 1

Tendons

Answer 1

Connect muscle to bone

Question 2

Ligaments

Answer 2

Connect bone to bone

Question 3

Cartilage

Answer 3

cushion between bones

Question 4

Long Bones

Answer 4

longer than they are wide (ex: femur, humerus, Metacarpals, Metatarsals

Question 5

Short bones

Answer 5

• as wide as they are long (ex: carpals, tarsals)
• provides support and stability with little movement

Question 6

Flat bones

Answer 6

• Sound, strong and flat (ex: scapula, sternum, cranium)
• provides protection to the bodies vital organs and being a base for muscular attachment

Question 7

Irregular bones

Answer 7

Nonsymmetrical shape
EX: Skull, Vertebra

Question 8

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 8

round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)

Question 9

Superior

Answer 9

toward the head

Question 10

Inferior

Answer 10

away from the head

Question 11

Anterior

Answer 11

toward the front

Question 12

Posterior

Answer 12

toward the back

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

toward the midline

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

towards the side

Question 15

Clavicle

Answer 15

gives greater mobility to the shoulder joint when movement is taking place

Question 16

Scapula

Answer 16

allows the arm to attach to the trunk portion of the skeleton

Question 17

Bones of the upper limb

Answer 17

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 18

Bones of the lower limb

Answer 18

patella, tibia, fibula, pelvis

Question 19

axial skeleton

Answer 19

forms the long axis of the body and includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Question 20

vertebral column

Answer 20

24 moveable vertebrae in 3 sections:
1. Cervical: 7 vertebrae- C1-C7
2. Thoracic: 12 vertebrae- T1-T12
3. Lumbar: 5 vertebrae- L1-L5

Question 21

appendicular skeleton

Answer 21

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

Question 22

fibrous (immovable) joints

Answer 22

No movement (skull)

Question 23

Cartilaginous (slight movable) Joint

Answer 23

only slight movement (spinal column)

Question 24

synovial (moveable) joints

Answer 24

• freely movable joints
• Cartilage covers bones near synovial joints so that ligament attachment can occur (hyaline)
• Between two bones in these joints, there is a membranous sac called bursa
• Bursae produces synovial fluid which covers the ends of the bones allowing smooth movement

Question 25

Planar joint (gliding)

Answer 25

- Range of motion is limited and does not involve rotation - Found in carpal bones and tarsal bones, and between the vertebrae

Question 26

hinge joint

Answer 26

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

Question 27

Pivot joint

Answer 27

- Allows for rotation around the length of a bone, and only allows for rotation. (example: wrists)

Question 28

condyloid joint

Answer 28

allows angular movement along two axes (example:wrist and fingers)

Question 29

saddle joint

Answer 29

allow angular movements similar to condyloid joint (thumb)

Question 30

ball and socket joint

Answer 30

allows the greatest range of motion (shoulders, hip joints)

Question 31

knee joint

Answer 31

- largest and most complex joint in the body - typical synovial joint - most important structures in synovial joints are tendons, ligaments, cartilage and synovial fluid. - Ligaments are well-defined, fibrous bands that connect the articulating bones. - designed to assist the joint capsule to maintain stability in the joint by restraining excessive movement, but can also control the degree and direction of movement that occurs. - have no blood supply

Question 32

Tendons

Answer 32

- tough, inelastic cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone - have blood supply - Joints are further strengthened by muscle tendons that extend across the joint and assist ligaments to hold the joint closed. - Tendons and muscles work together and can only exert a pulling force.

Question 33

synovial fluid

Answer 33

Secretion of synovial membranes that lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage

Question 34

hyaline cartilage

Answer 34

- limited blood supply but receives nourishment via the synovial fluid. - thicker in the leg joints, where there is greater weight bearing

Question 35

Flexion

Answer 35

bending a joint

Question 36

extension

Answer 36

Straightening of a joint

Question 37

rotation

Answer 37

CIRCULAR MOVEMENT AROUND AN AXIS

Question 38

Elevation

Answer 38

raising a body part

Question 39

Depression

Answer 39

lowering a body part

Question 40

Abduction

Answer 40

Movement away from the midline of the body

Question 41

Adduction

Answer 41

Movement toward the midline of the body

Question 42

dorsi flexion and plantar flexion

Answer 42

-foot -pointing of toes upward or downward

Question 43

Circumduction

Answer 43

circular movement of a body part

Question 44

Pronation

Answer 44

turning the palm downward

Question 45

Supination

Answer 45

movement that turns the palm up

Question 46

Protraction

Answer 46

Moving a part forward

Question 47

Retraction

Answer 47

moving a part backward

Question 48

skeletal muscle

Answer 48

- only voluntary muscle- controlled consciously - every action requires skeletal muscle - Function= contract to move parts of the body that muscle is attached - most SM are attached to 2 bone across joint-muscle brings bone closer together Sm form long straight multinucleated fibres

Question 49

smooth muscle

Answer 49

- found inside stomach, intestine, blood vessel - weakest of all muscles, makes organs contract to move substances through the organ - controlled by unconsious part of brain= involuntary - SV= smooth- contrast to sm and cm

Question 50

cardiac muscle

Answer 50

- responsible for pumping blood throughout body (found in heart) - cannot be controlled consciously= involuntary muscle - brain stimulates itself to contract - cardiac muscle= striated