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Skeletal System > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the skeletal system

A

• bones
• joints
• cartilages
• ligaments

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2
Q

2 subdivision of the skeleton

A
  1. Axial skeleton
  2. Appendicular skeleton
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3
Q

• Support the body
• protects soft organs
• attached skeletal muscles allow movement
• store minerals and fats
• blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

A

Skeletal system (functions of the bones)

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4
Q

Protect brain and spinal cord

A

Skull and vertebrae

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5
Q

Protects thoracic cavity organs

A

Rib cage

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6
Q

Store minerals and fats

A

• Calcium And phosphorus
• fat in the internal marrow cavity

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7
Q

The adult skeleton has

A

206 bones

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8
Q

Two basic types of osseous (bone) tissue

A
  1. Compact bone
  2. Spongy bone
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9
Q

Dense, smooth, and homogeneous

A

Compact bone

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10
Q

• small needle like pieces of bone
• many open spaces

A

Spongy bone

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11
Q

Bones are classified on the basis of shape into 4 groups

A

• long
• flat
• short
• irregular

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12
Q

• shaft enlarged ends
• contains mostly compact bone; spongy bone st ends
• all of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and knee cap bones) are:

A

Long bones

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13
Q

Examples of long bones:

A

Femur and humerus

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14
Q

• thin, flattened and usually curves
• two thin layers of compact bone sandwich a layer of spongy bone between them

A

Flat bones

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15
Q

Examples of flat bones:

A

Most bones the skull, ribs, sternum

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16
Q

• generally cube-shaped
• contains mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone
• seasmoids bones are a type of bone that form within tendons (patella)

A

Short bones

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17
Q

Examples of short bones:

A

Carpals (wrist bones)
Tarsals (ankle bones)

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18
Q

• Do not fit other bones classification categories

A

Irregular bones

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19
Q

Examples of irregular bones:

A

Vertebrae and hip bones

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20
Q

• Diaphysis (shaft) and periosteum

A

Long bones anatomy

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21
Q

•Makes up most of bones length
• composed of compact bone

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

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22
Q

• outside covering of the diaphysis
• fibrous connective tissue membrane
• perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers secure periosteum to underlying bone

A

Periosteum

23
Q

Composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone

A

Epiphysis (ends)

24
Q

•< covers the external surface of the epiphyses
• made of hyaline cartilage
• decreases friction at joint surfaces

A

Articular cartilage

25
Q

•Remnant of the epiphyseal plate
• seen in adult bones

A

Epiphyseal line

26
Q

• flat pane of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone
• causes lengthwuse growth of a long bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

27
Q

• Lines the inner surface of the shaft
• made of connective tissue

A

Endosteum

28
Q

• cavity inside the shaft
• contains yellow marrow (mostly fat/ in fats
• contains red marrow for blood cell formation in infants until ages 6 or 7

A

Medulla cavity

29
Q

Bones of attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
• passages for nerves and blood vessels

A

Bone marking

30
Q

Grow out from the bone surface

A

Projection or processes

31
Q

Indentations
• terms often begin with F

A

Depression or cavities

32
Q

• composed of small, needle-like pieces of bone call _______ and open spaces

A

Trabeculae

33
Q

Nature bone cells situated in bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

34
Q

Cavities in bone matrix that house osteocytes

A

Lacunae

35
Q

Concentric circles of lacunae situated around central (haversian) canal

A

Lamellae

36
Q

• Opening in the center of an osteon
• runs leghtwise through bone
• carries blood vessels and nerves

A

Central ( harvesian)canal

37
Q

A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings and structural and functional unit of compact bone

A

Osteon (haversian system)

38
Q

•Tiny canals
• radiate from the central canal to lacunae
• form a transport system connecting all home cell t a nutrient suppy

A

Canaliculi

39
Q

• canal perpendicular to the central canal
• carries blood vessels and nerves

A

Perforating (volkmanss) canal

40
Q

Is the process of bone formation

A

Ossification

41
Q

(bone- forming cells) cover hyaline cartilage model with bone matrix

A

Osteoblasts

42
Q

The enclosed cartilage is digestive away, opening up a medullary cavity

A

Fetus

43
Q

Formed continuously on the external face of these two cartilage

A

New cartilage

44
Q

Is broken down and replaced by bony matrix

A

Old cartilage

45
Q

Bones growth in width

A

Appositional growth

46
Q

• release when calcium ion levels in blood are low
• activates osteoclasts
• osteoclasts break down bone and release calcium ions into the blood

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

47
Q

(high blood calcium levels) prompts calcium storage to bones by osteoblasts

A

Hypercalcemia

48
Q

Bones are manually coaxed into position by physicians hands

A

Closed reduction

49
Q

Bones are secured with pin wires during surgery

A

Open reduction

50
Q

Healing times of bone fractures is.

A

6-8 weeks

51
Q

(blood-filled swelling, or bruise) is formed.

A

Hematoma

52
Q

Cartilage matrix, bony matrix, collagen, fibers splint the broken bone

A

Fibro cartilage callus forma

53
Q

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate in

A

Bony callus replaces the fibrocartilage callus

54
Q

Repair of bone fractures involves 4 major events:

A

• hematoma
• fibrocartilage calus forms
•bony callus replaces the fibrocartilage callus
• bone remodeling occurs in response to mechanical stresses

Skeletal System (3 decks)

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