Skeletal System

Question 1

Parts of the skeletal system

Answer 1

• bones
• joints
• cartilages
• ligaments

Question 2

2 subdivision of the skeleton

Answer 2

1. Axial skeleton
2. Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

• Support the body
• protects soft organs
• attached skeletal muscles allow movement
• store minerals and fats
• blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Answer 3

Skeletal system (functions of the bones)

Question 4

Protect brain and spinal cord

Answer 4

Skull and vertebrae

Question 5

Protects thoracic cavity organs

Answer 5

Rib cage

Question 6

Store minerals and fats

Answer 6

• Calcium And phosphorus
• fat in the internal marrow cavity

Question 7

The adult skeleton has

Answer 7

206 bones

Question 8

Two basic types of osseous (bone) tissue

Answer 8

1. Compact bone
2. Spongy bone

Question 9

Dense, smooth, and homogeneous

Answer 9

Compact bone

Question 10

• small needle like pieces of bone
• many open spaces

Answer 10

Spongy bone

Question 11

Bones are classified on the basis of shape into 4 groups

Answer 11

• long
• flat
• short
• irregular

Question 12

• shaft enlarged ends
• contains mostly compact bone; spongy bone st ends
• all of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and knee cap bones) are:

Answer 12

Long bones

Question 13

Examples of long bones:

Answer 13

Femur and humerus

Question 14

• thin, flattened and usually curves
• two thin layers of compact bone sandwich a layer of spongy bone between them

Answer 14

Flat bones

Question 15

Examples of flat bones:

Answer 15

Most bones the skull, ribs, sternum

Question 16

• generally cube-shaped
• contains mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone
• seasmoids bones are a type of bone that form within tendons (patella)

Answer 16

Short bones

Question 17

Examples of short bones:

Answer 17

Carpals (wrist bones)
Tarsals (ankle bones)

Question 18

• Do not fit other bones classification categories

Answer 18

Irregular bones

Question 19

Examples of irregular bones:

Answer 19

Vertebrae and hip bones

Question 20

• Diaphysis (shaft) and periosteum

Answer 20

Long bones anatomy

Question 21

•Makes up most of bones length
• composed of compact bone

Answer 21

Diaphysis (shaft)

Question 22

• outside covering of the diaphysis
• fibrous connective tissue membrane
• perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers secure periosteum to underlying bone

Answer 22

Periosteum

Question 23

Composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone

Answer 23

Epiphysis (ends)

Question 24

•< covers the external surface of the epiphyses
• made of hyaline cartilage
• decreases friction at joint surfaces

Answer 24

Articular cartilage

Question 25

•Remnant of the epiphyseal plate • seen in adult bones

Answer 25

Epiphyseal line

Question 26

• flat pane of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone • causes lengthwuse growth of a long bone

Answer 26

Epiphyseal plate

Question 27

• Lines the inner surface of the shaft • made of connective tissue

Answer 27

Endosteum

Question 28

• cavity inside the shaft • contains yellow marrow (mostly fat/ in fats • contains red marrow for blood cell formation in infants until ages 6 or 7

Answer 28

Medulla cavity

Question 29

Bones of attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments • passages for nerves and blood vessels

Answer 29

Bone marking

Question 30

Grow out from the bone surface

Answer 30

Projection or processes

Question 31

Indentations • terms often begin with F

Answer 31

Depression or cavities

Question 32

• composed of small, needle-like pieces of bone call _______ and open spaces

Answer 32

Trabeculae

Question 33

Nature bone cells situated in bone matrix

Answer 33

Osteocytes

Question 34

Cavities in bone matrix that house osteocytes

Answer 34

Lacunae

Question 35

Concentric circles of lacunae situated around central (haversian) canal

Answer 35

Lamellae

Question 36

• Opening in the center of an osteon • runs leghtwise through bone • carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 36

Central ( harvesian)canal

Question 37

A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings and structural and functional unit of compact bone

Answer 37

Osteon (haversian system)

Question 38

•Tiny canals • radiate from the central canal to lacunae • form a transport system connecting all home cell t a nutrient suppy

Answer 38

Canaliculi

Question 39

• canal perpendicular to the central canal • carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 39

Perforating (volkmanss) canal

Question 40

Is the process of bone formation

Answer 40

Ossification

Question 41

(bone- forming cells) cover hyaline cartilage model with bone matrix

Answer 41

Osteoblasts

Question 42

The enclosed cartilage is digestive away, opening up a medullary cavity

Answer 42

Fetus

Question 43

Formed continuously on the external face of these two cartilage

Answer 43

New cartilage

Question 44

Is broken down and replaced by bony matrix

Answer 44

Old cartilage

Question 45

Bones growth in width

Answer 45

Appositional growth

Question 46

• release when calcium ion levels in blood are low • activates osteoclasts • osteoclasts break down bone and release calcium ions into the blood

Answer 46

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 47

(high blood calcium levels) prompts calcium storage to bones by osteoblasts

Answer 47

Hypercalcemia

Question 48

Bones are manually coaxed into position by physicians hands

Answer 48

Closed reduction

Question 49

Bones are secured with pin wires during surgery

Answer 49

Open reduction

Question 50

Healing times of bone fractures is.

Answer 50

6-8 weeks

Question 51

(blood-filled swelling, or bruise) is formed.

Answer 51

Hematoma

Question 52

Cartilage matrix, bony matrix, collagen, fibers splint the broken bone

Answer 52

Fibro cartilage callus forma

Question 53

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate in

Answer 53

Bony callus replaces the fibrocartilage callus

Question 54

Repair of bone fractures involves 4 major events:

Answer 54

• hematoma • fibrocartilage calus forms •bony callus replaces the fibrocartilage callus • bone remodeling occurs in response to mechanical stresses