Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal System

Answer 1

Dynamic organ system with tissues that grow and change throughout life

Question 2

Structures of Skeletal System

Answer 2

1. Bones
2. Cartilage
3. Ligaments
4. Other supportive connective tissues

Question 3

Major functions of the Skeletal System

Answer 3

1. Framework for the body
2. Support body weight
3. Attachment for muscles –> movement
4. Storage reservoir: Ca2+, Phosphorus

Question 4

Cartilage

Answer 4

Supporting connective tissue

Question 4

Cartilage Tissue Characteristics

Answer 4

• Semirigid extracellular matrix (weaker than bone, but more flexible and resilient)
• Cells: chondroblasts, chondrocytes
• Mature cartilage is avascular (nutrient diffusion into tissue)

Question 5

Chondroblasts

Answer 5

Secrete extracellular matrix (substances surrounding cells)

Question 5

Chondrocytes

Answer 5

Mature cartilage cells found throughout cartilage, occupy small spaces called lacunae

Question 6

Types of Cartilage

Answer 6

• Hyaline Cartilage
• Fibrocartilage
• Elastic Cartilage

Question 7

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 7

• Most common
• Glassy/shiny
• Found on articular cartilage

Question 8

Fibrocartilage

Answer 8

• Strongest of the three
• Rigid, tough, does not move a lot
• Supports body weight
• Found in discs in between vertebras

Question 9

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 9

• Most flexible/mobile
• Lowest in strength
• Found in ear

Question 10

General Functions of Cartilage

Answer 10

1. Supporting soft tissues
2. Gliding surface at articulations (joints)
3. Precursor model for bone growth

Question 11

Interstitial Growth

Answer 11

Growth from within (inside) cartilage

Question 12

Appositional Growth

Answer 12

Growth from outside (periphery) of tissue

Question 13

Bone

Answer 13

Supporting connective tissue

Question 14

Bone Tissue Characteristics

Answer 14

• Bones of the skeleton are complex organs containing all four tissue types
• Extracellular matrix is sturdy and rigid due to deposition of minerals (calcification)

Question 15

General Functions of Bone

Answer 15

1. Structural support/body framework
2. Protection of more delicate organs
3. Movement - attachment site for muscles
4. Hemopoiesis - blood cell production in red bone marrow (Produce new RBC)
5. Storage of mineral and energy reserves: calcium and phosphate, lipids stored in yellow marrow

Question 16

What are the four Bone Classifications?

Answer 16

1. Long Bones
2. Short Bones
3. Flat Bones
4. Irregular Bones

Question 17

Long Bones

Answer 17

Longer than they are wide, in appendages

Question 18

Short Bones

Answer 18

Roughly equal in length and width (Ex. foot, hand, wrist)

Question 19

Flat Bones

Answer 19

Very broad and thin, spread wide (Ex. Cranium)

Question 20

Irregular Bones

Answer 20

Doesn’t fit other three characteristics (Ex. hip bone)

Question 21

Diaphysis

Answer 21

Shaft of bone, circumference is smallest, is most of bone length

Question 22

Epiphysis

Answer 22

Ends of bones

Question 23

Metaphysis

Answer 23

Where growth plate is, in between diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 24

What are the Regions of Long Bones?

Answer 24

Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Metaphysis

Question 25

Articular Cartilage

Answer 25

To help protect bones

Question 26

Medullary Cavity

Answer 26

Has yellow bone marrow, contains fat tissue

Question 27

Spongy Bone

Answer 27

Contains red bone marrow --> Hemopoiesis (very porous, makes RBC)

Question 28

Endosteum

Answer 28

Inner membrane/layer

Question 29

Periosteum

Answer 29

Outside of bone, except where articular cartilage is

Question 30

Bone is highly what?

Answer 30

Vascularized (has a lot of blood vessels)

Question 31

Innervation

Answer 31

- Nerves accompany blood vessels through the nutrient foramen (hole in bone to travel to deep aspects) - Innervate bone tissue, periosteum - Primarily sensory nerves (send info from bone to brain)