Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the Functions of the Skeletal System?

Answer 1

1. Structural support
2. Protection
3. Mineral storage
4. Blood cell production
5. Leverage

Question 2

What are the 2 Types of Bone?

Answer 2

Compact Bone
&
Spongy Bone

Question 3

What is Compact Bone?

Answer 3

• Dense, smooth, homogeneous appearance
• AKA cortical bone

Question 4

What is Spongy Bone?

Answer 4

• More porous (like a sponge!)
• AKA trabecular bone

Question 5

What are the 5 Shape of Bone?

Answer 5

1. Long
2. Flat
3. Short
4. Irregular
5. (Sesamoid)

Question 6

Label

Answer 6

Question 7

What is the Diaphysis?

Answer 7

the shaft of the bone, comprised mainly of compact bone

Question 8

What are the Epiphyses?

Answer 8

the ends of long bones, spongy bone covered by compact bone
(proximal and distal)

Question 9

What is the Epiphyseal Line?

Answer 9

remnant of the epiphyseal plate (cartilage that turns to bone at the end of puberty)

Question 10

What is Articular Cartilage?

Answer 10

hyaline cartilage, covers the epiphyses and decreases friction at joint articulations

Question 11

What is the Medullary Cavity?

Answer 11

central cavity in the diaphysis

Question 12

What is the Periosteum?

Answer 12

protective connective tissue that covers the diaphysis

Question 13

What is the Endosteum?

Answer 13

connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Question 14

What is the Red Bone Marrow?

Answer 14

mostly found in the epiphyses of long bones (adults), creates red blood cells

Question 15

What is the Yellow Bone Marrow?

Answer 15

found in the medullary cavity, stores adipose tissue (in adults)

Question 16

What is the Central (Haversian) Canal?

Answer 16

• Contain blood vessels and nerve supply
• Lined with endosteum

Question 17

What are Perforating Canals?

Answer 17

• Provide channels for blood vessels in central canals to to connect with blood vessels in the periosteum

Question 18

What are the Osteon (Haversian System)?

Answer 18

• The functional unit of bone
• Consists of lamellae and a central canal
• Found in compact bone

Question 19

What is the Lacuna of the Osteon?

Answer 19

tiny cavity that houses osteocytes
(one osteocyte per lacuna)

Question 20

What is the Lamella of the Osteon?

Answer 20

thin layer of matrix in concentric arrangements around Lacunae

Question 21

What are Osteocytes?

Answer 21

bone cells

Question 22

What are Canaliculi?

Answer 22

narrow passagewasy that extend from the lucunae into the lamallae

provide a passageway for nutrients to enter and waste products to be removed

Question 23

What are the 2 Layers of the Periosteum?
What is the Function?

Answer 23

Fibrous outer layer

• Sharpey’s fibres

Cellular layer

• Fibroblasts, osteogenic cells

Allows for tendon and ligament attachment

Question 24

What do Ligaments Connect?

Answer 24

Bone to Bone

Question 25

Flat, Short and Irregular Bone Anatomy

Answer 25

Question 26

Cell types in Compact vs Spongy Bone?

Answer 26

Question 27

What are Osteogenic Cells? AKA Osteoprogenitor Cells

Answer 27

* Stem cell found in bone * Can divide into osteoblasts

Question 28

What are Osteoblasts?

Answer 28

Premature bone cell found in the periosteum---- * Secretes collagen * Bone builder

Question 29

What are Osteocytes?

Answer 29

* Mature bone cell found in lacunae * Important for bone turnover and repair

Question 30

What are Osteoclasts?

Answer 30

* Multinucleated * Functions in bone resorption (the breakdown of bone matrix)

Question 31

label

Answer 31

Question 32

What is Ossification/Osteogenesis?

Answer 32

the process of producing new bone, takes place throughout the lifespan, important post-injury and for building stronger bones (in adulthood)

Question 33

What is Bone Resorption/Osteolysis?

Answer 33

the process of breaking down bone, important for regulating calcium and phosphate ion concentrations in the body

Question 34

What is Intramembranous Ossification?

Answer 34

* Mesenchymal cells are used as the model framework * Mesenchymal cells differentiate directly into bone cells

Question 35

What is Endochondral Ossification?

Answer 35

* Formation of bone cells in place of hyaline cartilage * Cartilage cells are used as a template (they do not become bone cells)