Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal System?

Answer 1

1) Support
2) Movement
3) Protection
4) Mineral homeostasis
5) Hematopoiesis
6) Fat/energy storage

Question 2

What type of tissue is bone?

Answer 2

Supportive Connective tissue

Question 3

What are the three types of bone cells and what doe each of them do?

Answer 3

1) Osteoblasts - build bone
2) Osteoclasts - chew bone
3) Osteocytes - maintain bone

Question 4

What is the extracellular matrix of bone made out of? (two components)

Answer 4

Fibers - Collogen
Ground substance - Hydroxyapatite

Question 5

Name and describe the two types of bone tissue.

Answer 5

Compact bone - Hard dense structure
Spongy bone - Full of holes

Question 6

What is the basic structural unit of Compact bone?

Answer 6

The osteon

Question 7

Label each part of the osteon.

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the basic structural unit of Spongy bone?

Answer 8

The Trabecula

Question 9

Label each part of the trabecula.

Answer 9

Question 10

Name the three types of cartilage and describe each one.

Answer 10

1) Hyaline Cartilage - Glassy, found in articulating joints, few fibers
2) Fibrocartilage - found wherever cushioning is needed, has collogen fibers
3) Elastic Cartilage- has elastic fibers

Question 11

What type of tissue are the Tendons and ligaments?

Answer 11

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 12

What type of tissue is the periosteum?

Answer 12

Dense Irregular connective tissue

Question 13

What are the 3 parts of a long bone?

Answer 13

1) The Diaphysis (the shaft)
2) The Epiphysis x2 (ends)
3) The Metaphysis x2 (between the diaphysis and the two epiphyses

Question 14

What are the two types of bone formation?

Answer 14

1) Endochondral Ossification
2) Intramembranous Ossification

Question 15

Describe Endochondral ossification

Answer 15

Starts with one primary ossification center at the diaphysis and two secondary ossification centers at each epiphysis. Bones grow outward towards each other from each ossification center until they meet forming the Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Question 16

Describe Intramembranous ossification

Answer 16

Start with many ossification centers through the cartilage scaffold, each one grows towards each other in all directions until the entire bone is ossified.

Question 17

Which bones are made from which type of ossification

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity that is used to combat hypercalcemia and where is it made

Answer 18

Calcitonin which is made in the thyroid gland

Question 19

What is the hormone that stimulates osteoclast activity that is used to combat hypocalcemia and where is it made

Answer 19

Parathyroid hormone which is made in the parathyroid gland

Question 20

What is the hormone that stimulates calcium absorption

Answer 20

calcitriol

Question 21

Define Condyle

Answer 21

A rounded Protuberance at the end of some bones that is articular

Question 22

Define Epicondyle

Answer 22

a protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone, Non articular ad serves as an attachment point for tendons and muscles

Question 23

Define Fossa

Answer 23

A shallow depression/groove/ditch

Question 24

Define Trochanter

Answer 24

A tubercal exclusive to the femur

Question 25

Define Foramen

Answer 25

means window, allow passage of vessels and nerves

Question 26

Define Tuberosity

Answer 26

A rough, variable sized bump, Tuberosities are rough, non-articular attachment points

Question 27

Define Process

Answer 27

Means a projection, Processes are rough, non-articular attachment points

Question 28

Define Trochlea

Answer 28

means a pulley, a specific type of smooth, articular groove

Question 29

Define Facet

Answer 29

a smooth, slightly convex or concave articular surface

Question 30

Define Head

Answer 30

a rounded articular projection at the end of a neck of bone

Question 31

Define Spine

Answer 31

a pointy process, Spines are rough, non-articular attachment points

Question 32

Define Tubercle

Answer 32

potato-like bump, Tubercles are rough, non-articular attachment points

Question 33

Define Fisure

Answer 33

A narrow slit in a bone

Question 34

Define Meatus

Answer 34

a tube-like opening

Question 35

Define Sulcus

Answer 35

a shallow depression, accommodate nerves, blood vessels, or tendons

Question 36

What are the two sections of your skeleton and where is each one

Answer 36

1) Axial Skelton (head and torso) 2) Appendicular skeleton (arms and legs )

Question 37

Label the bones of the Skull (Anterior)

Answer 37

Question 38

Label the bones of the Skull (Midsagittal)

Answer 38

Question 39

What are the 3 Sections of the Vertebral column and how many bones are in each one?

Answer 39

1) Cervical (7) 2) Thoracic (12) 3) Lumber (5)

Question 40

Label the parts of the vertebrae

Answer 40

Question 41

What are the three sections of ribs we have and which ribs are in each one?

Answer 41

1) true ribs (1-7) 2) False Ribs ( 8-10) 3) floating ribs (11-12)

Question 42

Label the Parts of the Upper Extremity

Answer 42

Question 43

Label the parts of the lower Extremity

Answer 43

Question 44

What are the three functional classifications of joints and how much movement does each one have?

Answer 44

1) Synoarthrotic (no movement) 2) Amphiarthrotic (some movement) 3) Diarthrotic (Full movement)

Question 45

What are the 3 Anatomical classifications of joints and what are the first two made out of?

Answer 45

Fibrous (Dense Irregular Connective) Cartilaginous (cartilage) Synovial

Question 46

What is a bursa and what does it do for a synovial joint?

Answer 46

A fluid filled sac that acts as a cushion for synovial joints

Question 47

Define Flexion

Answer 47

Decreases the angle of a joint

Question 48

Describe Extension

Answer 48

Increases the angle of a joint

Question 49

Define Hyperextension

Answer 49

Increases the angle of a joint past anatomical position

Question 50

Define Abduction

Answer 50

Takes a body part away from the midline

Question 51

Define Adduction

Answer 51

Brings a body part closer to the midline

Question 52

Define Circumduction

Answer 52

A circular movement with the shoulder or hip joint

Question 53

Define Internal (medial) rotation

Answer 53

a rotation towards the center of the body.

Question 54

Define External (lateral) rotation

Answer 54

a rotation away from the center of the body.