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Science > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fixed joint?

A

Don’t allow any movement between the bones.

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2
Q

Where to find a fixed joint in the body?

A

The cranium (skull)

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3
Q

What’s the largest bone in the body?

A

The femur

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4
Q

What is the smallest bone in the body?

A

The stapes

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5
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Skull, spine, ribs and sternum

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6
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

Shoulders, arms, hips and legs

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7
Q

What’s the proper name for the collar bone?

A

Clavicle

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8
Q

What’s the proper name for the jaw bone?

A

Mandible

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9
Q

What’s the proper name for the shoulder blade?

A

Scapula

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10
Q

What is a slightly moveable or cartilaginous joint?

A
  • Held in place by cartilage

- allows slight movement

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11
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Connect bone to bone

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12
Q

What are tendons?

A

Attach muscle to bone

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13
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Acts as a cushion between joints to protect bones

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14
Q

What are the long bones in the body?

A

Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges

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15
Q

What are the flat bones in the body?

A

Cranium, some facial bones, scapula, ribs, sternum, pelvis

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16
Q

What are the short bones?

A

Carpals, tarsals

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17
Q

What are the irregular bones?

A

Vertebrae, mandible, maxilla, coccyx

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18
Q

Which bones consist of spongy tissue in the ends and are slightly curved to absorb shock?

A

Long bones

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19
Q

Which bones are strong, made of spongy bone covered in compact tissue?

A

Short bones

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20
Q

Which bones are shaped irregularly and classified differently to the other 3 types?

A

Irregular bones

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21
Q

Which bones consist of flat spongy tissue sandwiched between 2 layers of compact tissue?

A

Flat bones

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22
Q

What is in the joint to enable it to move freely over one another?

A

Cartilage and synovial fluid

23
Q

What layer of bone is the compact bone?

A

Outer layer

24
Q

What layer of bone is spongy bone?

A

Inner layer

25
Q

What’s a sprain injury?

A

Ligament stretches too far causing it to tear

26
Q

What is a strain injury?

A

Muscle or tendon stretches too far or stretches while contracting

27
Q

What joint swings backwards/forwards?

A

Hinge joint

28
Q

What joint completes all type of movement?

A

Ball and socket joint

29
Q

What joint allows movement in 2 directions but different to ball and socket?

A

Saddle joint

30
Q

What types of muscles are there?

A

Smooth, skeletal and cardiac

31
Q

How many muscles are in the body?

A

640

32
Q

Explain RICE

A 
To treat muscular injuries
R-est
I-ce
C-ompression
E-levation
33
Q

What’s the proper name for the shoulder muscles?

A

Deltoids

34
Q

What’s the proper name for the top arm muscles?

A

Biceps

35
Q

What’s the proper name for the bottom arm muscles?

A

Triceps

36
Q

What’s the proper name for the chest muscles?

A

Pectorals

37
Q

What’s the proper name for the bottom muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus

38
Q

What’s the proper name for the calf muscle?

A

Gastrocnemius

39
Q

What’s the proper name for the stomach muscles?

A

Abdominal

40
Q

What’s the proper name for the thigh muscle?

A

Sartorius (quadriceps)

41
Q

Which muscle is involuntary?

A

Smooth muscle

42
Q

Explain the functions of the skeleton;

A

Support- The skeleton gives shape, supports the bodies parts.
Movement- Provides points of attachment. Muscles contract, allows movement to take place.
Protection- Vital organs are protected by bones.
Storage- Store minerals and fats such as calcium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus.
Blood cell production- Red marrow contained with certain bones produces blood cells.

43
Q

What are the names of the vertebrae and how many in each section?

A 
Cervical - 7 
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5 
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 4
44
Q

What are examples of a slightly moveable joint?

A

Vertebrae, Sternum, Ribcage

45
Q

What is a freely moveable or synovial joint?

A

Allows a lot of movement between bones.

46
Q

What are examples of freely moveable joint?

A

Hinge joint - allow one movement, eg. elbow and knee
Ball and Socket joint- hip and shoulder
Gliding joint- bones slide over one another, e.g wrist and ankle.
Pivot joint- eg. between radius and ulna, first and second vertebrae in the neck.
saddle joint- thumb.

47
Q

What are tendons?

A

Connect muscle to bone.

Are not elastic, they cannot be stretched.

48
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Connect bone to bone.

Are elastic, can be stretched.

49
Q

Describe the structure of a long bone?

A

Have a hollow shaft filled with fat (yellow bone marrow).

50
Q

Describe the structure of a flat bone?

A

Spaces between the plates of spongy bone are filled with red bone marrow. Within red bone marrow blood cells are created.

51
Q

What is voluntary muscle?

A
  • Attach muscle to bone.
  • Moves bones under your conscious control
  • All of body
  • Also known as skeletal muscle.
52
Q

What is Involuntary muscle?

A
  • Founds in organs, such as intestines and around blood vessels.
  • Works without you consciously controlling it.
  • Also known as smooth muscle.
53
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A
  • Type of involuntary muscle?

- Contracts without conscious effort of thought.

Science (5 decks)

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