Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 2 main components of bone?

Answer 1

1. Inorganic

2. Organic

Question 2

What inorganic components are in bone?

Answer 2

Minerals

Question 3

What organic components are in bone?

Answer 3

Collagen

Question 4

Minerals produce ____ in bones.

Answer 4

Hardness

Question 5

Collagen provides the bone with _____ and _____.

Answer 5

Flexibility and Tensile Strength

Question 6

What are the five functions of bones?

Answer 6

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Storage
5. Blood Cell Formation

Question 7

What do the bones store?

Answer 7

Fat, minerals (calcium and phosphorus)

Question 8

What is blood cell formation called?

Answer 8

Hemo / hematopoiesis (in red bone marrow)

Question 9

Two classification by nature of bone…

Answer 9

Compact and Spongy

Question 10

Two classification by size of bone…

Answer 10

Long and Short

Question 11

Two classification by shape of bone…

Answer 11

Flat and Irregular

Question 12

This type of bone is hard and dense: ___

Answer 12

Compact

Question 13

This type of bone as a smooth, homogeneous (uniform) appearance: ___

Answer 13

Compact

Question 14

Compact bone occurs where most often?

Answer 14

Outer shaft of the long bones and outer layer of other bones

Question 15

Spongy bone is made up of ___.

Answer 15

Trabeculae

Question 16

What is trabeculae?

Answer 16

Meshwork of slender strands / plates / spicules of bone surrounded with lost of open cavities.

Question 17

Spongy bone occurs most often…

Answer 17

Within ends of long bone and center of other bones

Question 18

What is the main tissue bones made up of?

Answer 18

Osseous

Question 19

Long bones are _____ than they are ____.

Answer 19

Longer; wide

Question 20

Long bones have a ____ on both ends?

Answer 20

Semi-rounded head

Question 21

The exterior of long bones are made up of what?

Answer 21

Compact bone

Question 22

The interior of long bones are made up of what?

Answer 22

Spongy bone (most evident at the end of bones)

Question 23

What is an example of long bones?

Answer 23

Limbs; arms and legs

Question 24

Small round or cube shaped bones are classified as what?

Answer 24

Short bones

Question 25

Short bones are composed mostly of what type of bone?

Answer 25

Spongy bone; have thin covering of compact bone

Question 26

What is an example of short bones?

Answer 26

Wrist and ankle bones

Question 27

What is the unusual subtype of short bones?

Answer 27

Sesamoid bones

Question 28

Sesamoid bones can be found where?

Answer 28

Embedded in tendons adjacent to joints

Question 29

Thin, flattened and usually curve bones are classified as what shape?

Answer 29

Flat

Question 30

Flat bones are comprised of what?

Answer 30

Two layers of compact bone sandwiching spongy bone

Question 31

What is an example of flat bones?

Answer 31

Skull, ribs, sternum

Question 32

Bones that don't fit into otherwise mention categories are called what?

Answer 32

Irregular bones

Question 33

Examples of irregular bones are…

Answer 33

Vertebrae, hip bones, some facial bones

Question 34

Long bones have two parts...

Answer 34

Diaphysis and Epiphyses

Question 35

The diaphysis of a long bone is what?

Answer 35

The main shaft

Question 36

The diaphysis is...

Answer 36

Compact bone surrounding internal opening, medullary cavity

Question 37

The diaphysis is comprised of...

Answer 37

Periosteum

Question 38

Describe Periosteum tissue

Answer 38

Tough, outer, vascular, fibrous connective tissue covering in the bone

Question 39

Describe the epiphyses of the long bone

Answer 39

Irregular, frequently semi-rounded ends

Question 40

Articular... Also means ____

Answer 40

Joints

Question 41

What type of cartilage covers ends of bones at joint interfaces to reduce friction?

Answer 41

Articular cartilage; made of hyaline cartilage

Question 42

The fundamental structural unit of bone consisting of a group of concentric solid tubes or rings is called what?

Answer 42

Osteon or Haversian system

Question 43

What is at the center of lamella?

Answer 43

Central canal

Question 44

Concentric layers of bone matrix are called what?

Answer 44

Lamellae

Question 45

Each osteon runs ____ to the long axis of the bone.

Answer 45

Parallel

Question 46

Patron running parallel gives the bone what?

Answer 46

Strength

Question 47

What are the four structural components of osteon?

Answer 47

1. Central canal 2. Preforating canals 3. Lacuna 4. Canaliculi

Question 48

Large canals running at right angles to the central canals

Answer 48

Preforating canals

Question 49

Tiny spaces at interfaces between Lamellae of bone

Answer 49

Lacuna

Question 50

Each lacuna contains a spider shaped ____

Answer 50

Osteocyte

Question 51

Little canals radiating out from the central canals to connect to osteocytes in the lacunae

Answer 51

Canaliculi

Question 52

Spongy bone contains fewer and less regularly arranged _____ than compact bone

Answer 52

Lamellae

Question 53

Spongy bone is not organized into what?

Answer 53

Osteons

Question 54

Red bone marrow serves what purpose?

Answer 54

Blood cell formation

Question 55

Red bone marrow fill in spaces of bone?

Answer 55

Spongy bone; in the diaphysis

Question 56

What changes of bone marrow between infants and adults?

Answer 56

Adults have yellow bone marrow within the diaphysis of the long bone

Question 57

Yellow bone marrow serves what purpose?

Answer 57

Adipose tissue storage

Question 58

When an adult, red bone marrow is made where?

Answer 58

Spongy bone a flat bones and the epiphyses of some long bones

Question 59

What are the two forms of bone formation during development?

Answer 59

Intramembranous bone and Endochondrous bone

Question 60

What is the process of forming endochondrous bone?

Answer 60

Embryonic memenchyme -> Hyaline cartilage template -> replaced by endochondrous bone

Question 61

Gradual hardening of the intramembranous bone occurs when?

Answer 61

Infancy to childhood

Question 62

Cartilage replaced by bone

Answer 62

Ossification

Question 63

Cartilage remains where?

Answer 63

Bridge of nose, parts of ribs, joints,

Question 64

Bone growth stops at what age?

Answer 64

Early 20s

Question 65

What two hormones control bone development?

Answer 65

Growth and sex

Question 66

Growth hormones play what part in bone development?

Answer 66

Stimulate cartilage cell division

Question 67

Sex hormones play what part in bone development?

Answer 67

Stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates

Question 68

What are signs of bones aging?

Answer 68

Metabolism slows down Resorption; loss of bone mass Decrease collagen framework Weaker, more fragile bones

Question 69

____ form and secrete bone matrix around themselves

Answer 69

Osteoblasts

Question 70

Mature bone cells

Answer 70

Osteocytes

Question 71

Bone break down - resorption

Answer 71

Osteoclasts

Question 72

What are the two primary subdivisions of a skeleton?

Answer 72

Axial and appendicular

Question 73

The axial skeleton contains what part of the body?

Answer 73

Skull, vertebral column, rib cage

Question 74

The appendicular skeleton contains what part of the body?

Answer 74

Limbs, Girdles | Not just bones - joints, cartilages, ligaments

Question 75

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

Answer 75

80

Question 76

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 76

126