Skeletal System

Question 1

name the six functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

SupportProtectionMovement FacilitationMineral StorageStorage of EnergyHematopoiesis (Hemopoieses)

Question 2

osteocyte

Answer 2

mature bone cell

Question 3

osteoblast

Answer 3

build bone

Question 4

osteoclast

Answer 4

breaks down bone

Question 5

Where does intramembranous bone growth occur?

Answer 5

in the bones of the skull

Question 6

Where does endochondral bone growth occur?

Answer 6

in most skeletal bones and epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of long bones

Question 7

ossification

Answer 7

process by which bones form in the body by replacing pre-existing connective tissue with bone; occurs during bone growth

Question 8

periosteum

Answer 8

dense, white fibrous coating surrounding the surface of the bone

Question 9

diaphysis

Answer 9

shaft or long, main, portion of the long bone

Question 10

epiphysis

Answer 10

expanded ends of the long bone

Question 11

medullary cavity

Answer 11

the space or hollow chamber with the diaphysis

Question 12

red marrow

Answer 12

blood cell forming tissue located within the spaces or spongy bone of long bones

Question 13

yellow marrow

Answer 13

fat storing tissue found in the medullary cavities of long bones

Question 14

articular cartilage

Answer 14

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis to reduce friction during articulation (movement of joint)

Question 15

endosteum

Answer 15

thin layer of squamous cells which line the medullary cavity

Question 16

contains small amounts of space between the solid components of bone (type of bone)

Answer 16

compact bone

Question 17

has a concentric ring pattern (type of bone)

Answer 17

compact bone

Question 18

composed of irregular networks of thin plates of bone with many intercellular spaces called trabeculae (type of bone)

Answer 18

spongy bone

Question 19

provides the strength of the bone

Answer 19

compact bone

Question 20

the entire network is called on Osteon (Haversian System). it contains a central canal with its surrounding lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi

Answer 20

compact bone

Question 21

helps to reduce the weight, while reducing shock associated with movement

Answer 21

spongy bone

Question 22

blood vessels and nerves run the length of the bone and are contained in the Osteonic (Haversian Canals) which are located in the concentric ring structure of ______ bone

Answer 22

compact

Question 23

name the four shapes of bones

Answer 23

longshortflatirregular

Question 24

name five long bones

Answer 24

humerous, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals

Question 25

name the irregular bones

Answer 25

facial bones, vertebrae

Question 26

three examples of flat bones

Answer 26

cranial bones, sternum, ribs and scapulae

Question 27

examples of short bones (cube-shaped)

Answer 27

some of the carpals (wrist) and tarsals (ankle)

Question 28

an opening or hole through a bone that acts as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels

Answer 28

foramenex. mental foramen on the chin, infraorbital foramen on the maxillae

Question 29

tube-like passage within a bone

Answer 29

meatusex. external auditory meatus which conducts sounde waves through the temporal bone

Question 30

a space within a bone lined with mucus membrane to reduce weight of bone

Answer 30

sinusex. frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sinuses

Question 31

fairly deep pit or depression

Answer 31

fossaex. olecranon fossa of the humerus, mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Question 32

large rounded prominence which articulates with another bone

Answer 32

condyleex. occipital condyles where the skull meets the cervical vertebrae, medial and lateral condyles of the femur which articulate with the tibia

Question 33

an elevated, rounded, (knob-like) usually roughened area on a bone used for muscle attachment

Answer 33

tuberosityex. tibial tuberosity for the attachment of the quadriceps tendon, radial tuberosity for the attachment of the biceps

Question 34

very large, blunt process used for muscle attachment

Answer 34

trochanterex. only found on the femur -- the greater and lesser trochanters

Question 35

small rounded process used for muscle attachment

Answer 35

tubercleex. greater and lesser tubercles of the humerous

Question 36

any projection from the surface of the bone used in muscle attachment

Answer 36

process

Question 37

immovable joint found only between skull bones

Answer 37

sutures "seam or stitch"

Question 38

soft spots of a baby's skull or membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones

Answer 38

fontanels

Question 39

of cervical vertebrae

Answer 39

7

Question 40

of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 40

12

Question 41

of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 41

5

Question 42

of sacral vertebrae

Answer 42

5

Question 43

of coccygeal (coccyx) vertebrae

Answer 43

4

Question 44

type of arthritis caused by the destruction of cartilage from the joints

Answer 44

osteoarthritis

Question 45

loss of bone mass and bone density which leads to porous bones making them more susceptible to fracture

Answer 45

osteoporosis

Question 46

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine resulting in a S-shaped appearance

Answer 46

scoliosis

Question 47

occurs when the posterior part of the vertebrae fails to form properly and does not enclose the spinal cord

Answer 47

spina bifida

Question 48

tear of a ligament

Answer 48

sprain

Question 49

caused by the stress on bones placed upon them by trauma or disease conditions

Answer 49

fractures

Question 50

occurs when the nucleus pulpous spills out in the spinal canal and presses on the spinal nerves in that region

Answer 50

herniated, ruptured, slipped, or bulging disk

Question 51

attach bone to bone

Answer 51

ligaments

Question 52

attach muscle to bone

Answer 52

tendons

Question 53

mandible (1)

Answer 53

lower jaw bone; only moveable bone in the skull

Question 54

maxilla (1)

Answer 54

9upper jaw bone

Question 55

zygomatic (2)

Answer 55

cheek bones

Question 56

frontal (1)

Answer 56

forms the forehead (anterior part of the cranium), the roofs of the orbits (eye sockets), and most of the anterior part of the cranial floor

Question 57

parietal (2)

Answer 57

form the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

Question 58

occipital

Answer 58

forms posterior part of the base of the cranium

Question 59

bone situated in the middle part of the base of the skull

Answer 59

sphenoid