Skeletal System Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
Bones
A
Framework, protection, store calcium
2
Q
Bone Marrow
A
Red forms blood cells, Yellow stores fat
3
Q
Cartilage
A
Creates smooth surface for motion within joints, protects ends of bones
Rubbery, white-blue
Makes up flexible parts of skeleton
4
Q
Articular cartilage
A
Covers surfaces of bone where they come together to form joint
5
Q
Meniscus
A
Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints i.e. Knee and TM joint
8
Q
Ankyl/o
A
Crooked, bent, stiff
9
Q
Arthr/o
A
Joint
10
Q
Chondr/i, chondr/o
A
Cartilage
11
Q
Cost/o
A
Rib
12
Q
Crani/o
A
Skull
13
Q
-desis
A
To bind or tie together
14
Q
Kyph/o
A
Bent, hump
15
Q
Lord/o
A
Curve, swayback, bent
16
Q
-lysis
A
Loosening, setting free
17
Q
Myel/o
A
Spinal cord, bone marrow
18
Q
Oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
A
Bone
19
Q
Scoli/o
A
Curbed, bent
20
Q
Spondyl/o
A
Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
21
Q
Synovi/o, synov/o
A
Synovial membrane or fluid
22
Q
-um
A
Singular noun ending
23
Q
Ossification
A
Process of turning from cartilage to bone
24
Q
OsteoCLASTS
A
Breakdown bone
25
Q
OsteoBLASTS
A
Build bone
26
Q
Periosteum
A
Tough, fibrous tissue forms outermost covering of bone
27
Compact bone (cortical bone)
Dense, hard, very strong bone forms protective outer layer of bones
28
Spongy bone (cancellous)
Lighter, not as strong
Holds red bone marrow
At ends and inner portions of long bones
29
Medullary cavity
Central cavity in the shaft of long bones, surrounded by compact bone
Stores red and yellow marrow
30
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
31
Epiphyses (plural)
Wider ends of long bones covered with articular cartilage
32
Foramen
Opening in a bone where blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
33
Process
Normal projection on surface of a bone that commonly serves as attachment for muscle or tendon
34
Endosteum
Tissue lining medullary cavity
35
Fibrous joints (sutures in adults)
Inflexible, unmovable layers of dense connective tissue holds the bones tightly together
Fontanelles (soft spots) in kids
36
Cartilaginous joints
Allow slight movement, consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage i.e. Ribs
37
Pubis symphysis
Allows some movement during childbirth
38
Synovial joints
Where two bones articulate to permit variety of motions
I.e. Ball and socket - hips, shoulders
I.e. Hinge - knees, elbows
39
Synovial capsule
Outermost layer or strong fibrous tissue resembling a sleeve
40
Hemopoietic (hematopoietic)
Pertaining to formation of blood cells
44
Axial skeleton
Protects major organs of nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
Bones of skull, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid bone, rib chase and vertebral column
45
Appendicular (appendage) skeleton
Makes body movement possible, protects digestive, excretion, and reproduction organs
Upper and lower extremities
46
Frontal bone
Anterior portion of cranium forming forehead, houses sinuses, forms ethmoid sinuses, nose and eye sockets
47
Parietal bones
Form most of roof and sides of cranium
48
Occipital bone
Back of skull and base of cranium
49
Temporal bone
Sides and base of cranium
50
External auditory meatus
Opening of external auditory canal, within temporal bone on each side
51
Sphenoid bone
Irregular, wedge-shaped bone at base of skull, makes contact with all other cranial bones, helps form base of cranium, sides of skull, floors and sides of eye sockets
52
Zygomatic bones
Cheekbones, articulate with frontal bone
53
Maxillary bone
Most of upper jaw
54
Palatine bones
Anterior part of hard palate and floor of nose
55
Lacrimal bones
Make up part of the orbit at the inner angle
56
Inferior conchae
Thin, scroll like bones form part of interior nose
57
Vomer bone
Base for the nasal septum
58
Mandible
Jawbone, only moveable bone of the skull, attached to TMJ
59
Manubrium
Bony structure forming middle portion of sternum
60
Xiphoid process
Structure made of cartilage that forms lower portion of sternum
61
Pectoral girdle
Shoulders, support arms and hands
62
Clavicle
Collar bone, slender bone connects manubrium of sternum to the scapula
63
Scapula
Shoulder blade
64
Acre ion
Extension of scapula forms high point of shoulder
65
Humerus
Bone of upper arm
66
Radius
Smaller and shorter bone in forearm, runs up thumb side
67
Ulna
Larger, longer bone of the forearm, proximal end articulates distal end of humerus to form elbow
68
Olecranon process
Funny bone, large projection on upper end of ulna, forms point of elbow
69
Carpals
Form wrist, make narrow bony passage
70
Metacarpals
5 bones of palm
71
Phalanges
14 finger bones and toes
72
Lamina
Posterior portion of a vertebrae
73
Sacrum
Slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near base of spine forming lower portion of the back
74
Coccyx
Tailbone, end of spine
75
Pelvic girdle
Pelvis and hips, protects internal organs and supports lower extremities
76
Ilium
Broad blade-shaped bone forming back and sides of pubic bone
77
Sacroiliac
Slightly moveable articulation between sacrum and posterior portion of ilium
78
Pubis
Anterior portion of pubic bone
79
Pubic symphysis
Cartilaginous joint unites left and right pubic bones
80
Acetabulum
Hip socket, larger circular cavity
81
Popliteal
Posterior space behind the knee where ligaments, vessels and muscles related to this joint
82
Cruciate ligaments
Make movements of knee possible, shaped like a cross
83
Tibia
Shinbone, larger weight bearing
84
Fibula
Smaller of 2 bones in lower leg
85
Malleolus
Rounded bony projection on tibia and fibula
86
Chiropractor
Specializes in manipulative treatment of disorders from misalignment of the spine
87
Orthopedic surgeon
Physician specializing in diagnosing and treating disorders invoking bones, joints and muscles
88
Osteopath
Uses traditional medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems from spinal manipulation
114
Joints
Work with muscles to provide movement
120
Synovial membrane
Forms lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid
121
Synovial fluid
Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible
123
Bursa
Cushions areas subject to frictions during movement
125
Ligaments
Connect bones together
126
Ankylosis
Loss or absence of mobility in a joint bc of disease, injury or surgical procedure
127
Hallux valgus
Bunion, abnormal enlargement of joint at base of great toe
128
Hemarthrosis
Blood within a Joint
129
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Geriatric inflammatory disorder of muscles and joints, pain and stiffness
130
Sprain
When a ligament connecting bone to a joint is torn
131
Dislocation
Luxation, totally displacement of a bone from its joint
132
Subluxation
Partial displacement of bone from its joint
133
Osteoarthritis
Wear and tear, associated with aging, degenerative joint disease
134
Spondylosis
Spinal osteoarthritis, cause loss of normal spinal structure and function
135
Ankylosing spondylitis
Form of RA, primarily causing inflammation of joints between vertebrae
136
Herniated disk
Slipped/ruptured disc, breaking a part of intervertebral disk
137
Lumbago
Low back pain, pain in region of spine
138
Spondylolisthesis
Forward slipping movement of body or 1 of lower lumbar vertabreae
139
Fibrous dysplacia
Bone disorder with no known cause, envelope growth, brittleness and deformity
140
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone and marrow adjacent to bone
141
Paget's disease
Bone diseas with no known cause,
142
Periostitis
Inflamed periosteum
143
Talipes
Clubfloot, any cogenital deformity invoking talus
144
Primary bone cancer
Rare, malignant
145
Secondary bone cancer
Tumor metastasized to bones from other organs
146
Myeloma
Cancer occurring in blood making cells in red marrow
147
Osteochondroma
Benign bony projection covered with cartilage
148
Osteoporosis
Marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity
149
Osteopenia
Thinner than average bone density
150
Compression fracture
Vertebral crush fracture, bone is pressed together on itself
151
Colle's fracture
Fractured wrist
152
Osteoporotic hip fracture
Broken hip
153
Crepitation
Gearing sound heard when ends of broken bone move together
154
Callus
Bulging deposit around area OD break
