Skeletal system Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Deltoid Action
A
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation (humerus)
2
Q
Trapezius Action
A
Stabilizes, elevates, retracts and rotates scapula
3
Q
Pectorallis Major
Action
A
Flexion, Adduction, Medial Rotation
4
Q
Pectorallis Minor
Action
A
W/ribs fixed, protracts and rotates scapula downward
5
Q
Rhomboid major/minor
Action
A
Stabilize scapula
6
Q
Levator Scapulae
Action
A
Elevates and adducts scapula
7
Q
Teres Major
Action
A
Extension, adduction, medial rotation (humerus)
8
Q
Latissimus Dorsi
Action
A
Extension, addiction, medial rotation (humerus)
9
Q
Teres Minor
Action
A
Abduction, lateral rotation (humerus)
10
Q
Supraspinatus
Action
A
Abduction (humerus)
11
Q
Infraspinatus
Action
A
Lateral rotation (humerus)
12
Q
Subscapularis
Action
A
Medial rotation
Humerus
13
Q
Biceps Brachii
Action
A
Flexion (humerus) flexion (elbow)
14
Q
Brachialis
Action
A
Elbow flexion
15
Q
Triceps Brachii
Action
A
Adduction (humerus) elbow extension
16
Q
Pronator Teres
Action
A
Elbow flexion
Pronation
17
Q
Flexor Carpi Radiallis
Action
A
Flexion (wrist)
Abduction (wrist)
18
Q
Palmaris Longus
Action
A
Flexion (wrist)
19
Q
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Action
A
Flexion (wrist) Adduction (wrist)
20
Q
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Action
A
Flexion (wrist)
Flexion (fingers)
21
Q
Brachioradiallis
Action
A
Flexion/ elbow
22
Q
Extensor Carpi Radiallis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radiallis Brevis
Action
A
Extension/ abduction (wrist)
23
Q
Extensor Digitorum
Action
A
Extension (wrist) extension/abducts (fingers)
24
Q
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Action
A
Extension (wrist)
Adduction (wrist)
25
Gluteus Maximus
| Action
Extension
Abduction
Lateral rotation
(Hip)
26
Gluteus Medius
| Action
Abduction, medical rotation (hip)
27
Tensor Fascia Latae
| Action
```
Flexion
Abduction
Medial rotation
(Hip)
Extension
(Knee)
```
28
Illiopsoas
| Action
Flexion (hip)
29
Sartorius
| Action
Flexion, abduction, lateral rotation (hip)
| Flexion (knee)
30
Quadriceps Femoris
| Action
Lateral rotation (hip)
31
Rectus Femoris
| Action
Flexion (hip)
| Extension (knee)
32
Vastus Muscles
| Action
Extension (knee)
33
Pectineus
| Action
Flexion, Adduction, medial rotation (hip)
34
Adductor Longus
| Action
Flexion, adduction, medial rotation (hip)
35
Adductor Magnus
| Action
Extension, Adduction, medial rotation (hip)
36
Gracillis
| Action
Adduction, medial rotation (hip) flexion (knee)
37
Biceps Femoris
| Action
Extension (hip)
| Flexion (knee)
38
Semimembranosus
| Action
Extension(hip)
| Flexion(knee)
39
Semitendinosus
| Action
Extension (hip)
| Flexion (knee)
40
Tibialis Anterior
| Action
Dorsiflexion, inversion (ankle)
41
Extensor Digitorum Longus
| Action
Dorsiflexion (ankle)
| Extension (toes)
42
Fibularis Longus
| Action
Plantar flexion
| Eversion
43
Fibularis Brevis
| Action
Plantar flexion
| Eversion
44
Gastrocnemius
| Action
Plantar flexion (ankle)
45
Soleus
| Action
Plantar flexion (ankle)
46
Buccinator
| Action
Compresses cheek
47
Epicranius
| Action
Pull scalp anteriorly and posteriorly
48
Mentalis
| Action
Wrinkles chin
49
Orbicularis Oris
| Action
Closes lips
50
Orbicularis Occuli
| Action
Closes eye
51
Platysma
| Action
Tenses skin of the neck
52
Zygomaticus
| Action
Raises lateral corners of mouth
53
Temporalis
| Action
Closes jaw- elevation(mandible)
54
Masseter
| Action
Closes jaw - elevation (mandible)
55
Splenius Cappitus
| Action
Extension (head)
56
Sternocleidomastoid
| Action
Flexes and laterally rotates head
57
Digastric
| Action
Open mouth depress mandible
58
Mylohyoid
| Action
Elevated hyoid bone and floor of mouth
59
Sternohyoid
| Action
Depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed
60
Erector Spinae
| Action
Back extension
61
Illiocostallis
| Action
Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column
62
Longissimus
| Action
Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column
63
Diaprhragm
| Action
Prime mover of inspiration, flattens on contraction
64
External Intercostals
| Action
Pull ribs toward one another to elevate ribcage
65
Internal intercostals
| Action
Draw ribs together and depress rib cage
66
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Action
Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall, trunk rotation and lateral flexion
67
Rectus Abdominus
| Action
Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column
68
Transverse abdominus
| Action
Compresses abdominal contents
69
Inguinal Ligament
| Action
Formed by free inferior border of external Oblique aponeurosis
70
Linea Alba
| Action
White line
71
Tendinous intersections
| Action
Transverse section through the anterior abdominal wall
72
Deltoid
| Origin and Insertion
O- lateral third of clavicle; acromiion and spine of scapula
I- deltoid tunerosity of humerus
73
Trapezius
| Origin and Insertion
O- occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae and spines of c7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I- continuous along accromiun and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle
74
Pectorallis Major
| Origin and Insertion
O- sternal end of clavicle, sternum , cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeucrosis of external Oblique muscle
I- fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus
75
Rhomboid Major and Minor
| Origin and Insertion
O- spinous process of c7 and t1(Minor) spinous processes of t2-t5 (major)
I-medial border of scapulae
76
Levator Scapulae
| Origin and Insertion
O-transverse processes of c1-c4
| I-medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine
77
Teres Major
| Origin and Insertion
O- posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle
| I- crest of lesser tubercle on anterior humerus, insertion tendon fused with latissimus dorsi
78
Latissimus Dorsi
| Origin and Insertion
O-indirect attachment via thoracolumbar fascia into spines of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs and illiac crest
I-spirals around teres Major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
79
Serratus Anterior
| Origin and Insertion
O- by a series of Muscle slips from ribs 1-8
| I-entire Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
80
Teres Minor
| Origin and Insertion
O- lateral border of dorsal scapular surface
| I- greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion
81
Supraspinatus
| Origin and Insertion
O- supraspinous fossa of scapula
| I- superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
82
Infraspinatus
| Origin and Insertion
O- infraspinous fossa of scapula
| I- greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus
83
Subscapularis
| Origin and Insertion
O- subscapular fossa of scapula
| I- lesser tubercle of humerus
84
Biceps Brachii
| Origin and Insertion
O- short- coracoid process long- supraglenoid tubercle and and lip of glenoid cavity; tendon of long head runs within capsule of shoulder joint and into intertubucular sulcus of humerus
I- by common tendon into radial tunerosity
85
Brachialis
| Origin and Insertion
O- anterior surface of distal humerus ; embraces insertion of deltoid muscle
I- Coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint
86
Triceps Brachii
| Origin and Insertion
O- long head, infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head posterior shaft of humerus; medial head; posterior shaft of humerus distal to radial groove
I- by common tendon into olecranon of ulna
87
Rectus Femoris
| Origin and Insertion
O- Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
88
Vastus Lateralis
| Origin and Insertion
O- greater trochanter, intertrochantic line, line aspera
| I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
89
Vastus Intermedius
| Origin and Insertion
O- Anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft
| I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
90
Vastus Medialis
| Origin and Insertion
O- linea aspera, medial Supracondylar line, intertrochantric line
I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
91
Biceps Femoris
| Origin and Insertion
O-Ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line, and distal femur (short head)
I- common tendon passes down and laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
92
Semitendinosus
| Origin and Insertion
O- ischial tuberosity
| I- medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
93
Semimembranosus
| Origin and Insertion
O- ischial tuberoscity
| I- medial consuls of tibia through Oblique ligament of knee to lateral condyle of femur
94
Tibialis Anterior
| Origin and Insertion
O- lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft; interosseous membrane
I- by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone.
95
Gastrocnemius
| Origin and Insertion
O- by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
| I- posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
96
Temporalis
| Origin and Insertion
O- temporal fossa
| I- coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch
97
Masseter
| Origin and Insertion
O- zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
| I- angle and ramus of the mandible
98
Sternocleidomastoid
| Origin and Insertion
O- manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
| I- mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
99
Individual muscle cells are called
Muscle fibers
100
Fascicles
Bundled muscle fibers
| Bundled together to make muscles
101
Bundles are surrounded by
Connective Tissue
102
Epymisium
Outer covering of a muscle
103
Perimysium
Surrounds fascicles
104
Endomysium
Surrounds each muscle
105
Inside each muscle cell there are arrays of proteins called
Fibrils
106
Syncital
Originates as multiple cells that become united
107
Sarcolemma
Plasma membrane of muscle cell
108
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cell
109
Sarcomere
Regularly repeating contractile unit of the cell
110
Actin
Thin simple fiber
111
Myosin
Thick, bundled together uses ATP and flexes, can bind to actin
112
Origin
The attachment side of muscle on the bone that does not move when muscle contracts
113
Insertion
The attachment site on the bone that moves
114
Excitation and contraction coupling
To stop contraction, we have proteins that block the action/ myosin binding
Calcium inactivates these proteins which then allows contraction
Sarcoplasmic reticulum- stores calcium and can release it on demand
T tubules from the sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
115
Fibrous joints
Bound together with a dense Connective Tissue
| Types: Suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis
116
Suture
Joints between plates in the skull-- interlocking bones
117
Syndesmosis
Joints held together by ligament
118
Gomphosis
Joint between tooth and jaw
119
Cartilaginous Joints
| Types
Synchondroses, symphyses,
120
Synchondroses
Held together by hyaline cartilage
121
Sympheses
Formed by fibrocartilage ( pubic, mandibular, vertebral discs)
122
Synovial joint
Lubricated capsule
| Types: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, plane
123
Ball and socket joint
Spherical components, multi axial joints
| Ex. Shoulder and hip
124
Hinge joint
Uniaxial joint
| Ex knee and elbow
125
Pivot joint
Uniaxial joint, rotation only, Atlanta axial joint
| Ex radius and ulna
126
Condylar joint
Biaxial joint, oval shapes ball and socket, not spherical, no rotation
Ex wrist, knuckles base of finger
127
Saddle joints
Biaxial, c shaped, gears, no rotation, thumb below base -- trapezium
128
Plane joints
Non axial, sliding motion only-- intercarpal/ intertarsal joints
129
Cartilage
Connective Tissue, matrix includes protedgycans ( absorbs H2O, acts as a cushion, smooth bearing surface
130
Cartilage is surrounded by
Perichondrium
131
Kinds of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
132
Hyaline Cartilage
Glassy look, no protein fibers in the matrix, located in the end of bones, ribs, end of nose, plays a role in bone development, smooth and cushioning
133
Elastic Cartilage
Elastic fibers, flexible and springy
134
Fibrocartilage
Collagen fibers, tough
