Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of skeletal system

Answer 1

• internal framework
• protects internal organs
• produces white blood cells
• makes movement possible
• stores calcium
• form blood cells

Question 2

Diaphysis

Answer 2

Hollow tube of hard compact bone

Question 3

Medullary cavity

Answer 3

Hollow space inside the diaphysis, contains yellow bone marrow

Question 4

Epiphyses

Answer 4

Made of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

Question 5

Articular cartilage

Answer 5

Thin layer that covers each epiphysis, provides a cushion

Question 6

Periosteum

Answer 6

Strong, fibrous membrane covering bone everywhere except at joint surfaces

Question 7

Endosteum

Answer 7

Thin membrane that lines medullary cavity

Question 8

Spongy bone

Answer 8

Texture from needlelike threads of bone called trabeculae surrounded by network of open spaces. Contain red bone marrow

Question 9

Concentric lamella

Answer 9

In compact bone. Structural unit that is an osteon-calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

Bone cells which are found inside spaces called lacunae, which are connected by tiny tubes called canaliculi

Question 11

Cartilage

Answer 11

Chondrocytes located in lacunae. Matrix is flexible gel like substance and lacks blood vessels

Question 12

Osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes

Answer 12

Osteoclasts cells that remove bone. Osteoclasts cells that form bone

Question 13

Endochondral ossification

Answer 13

Process of forming bones from cartilage models

Question 14

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 14

Of cartilage during bone formation

Question 15

Epiphyseal line

Answer 15

Appears when cartilage has disappeared and bone formation is complete

Question 16

Fontanels

Answer 16

Soft spots in babies skulls

Question 17

Axial skeleton

Answer 17

80 bones. Skull, spine and thorax

Question 18

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 18

126 bones. Upper extremities including shoulder and lower extremities including hip

Question 19

Spine or vertebral column

Answer 19

4 normal curves. Lordosis:swayback, kyphosis: hunchback, scoliosis: abnormal side to side curvature

Question 20

Vertebrae divisions

Answer 20

Cervical 7 bones
Thoracic 12 bones
Lumbar 5 bones
Sacrum 1 bone 
Coccyx 1 bone

Question 21

Thorax

Answer 21

12 pairs of ribs. Sternum. Thoracic vertebrae. 1-7 true ribs. False ribs 8-10. 11-12 floating ribs

Question 22

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 22

Bones in shoulder or pectoral girdle connect bones of upper extremity to axial skeleton. Bones in hip or pelvic girdle connect bones of lower extremity to axial skeleton

Question 23

Upper extremity

Answer 23

Arm, forearm, wrist and hands. Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal and phalanges

Question 24

Lower extremities and bones

Answer 24

Thigh, leg, ankle, and foot. Vocal, fémur, patella, tibia, tarsal, metatarsal and phalanges

Question 25

What bone does not connect to at least on other bone?

Answer 25

Hyoid

Question 26

Kinda of joints and degree of movement

Answer 26

Synarthroses: no movement, sutures Amphiarthroses: slight movement, pubic symphysis Diarthroses: free movement

Question 27

Synovial membrane

Answer 27

Lines joint capsule and secretes lubricating fluid

Question 28

Types of movable joints

Answer 28

``` Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Saddle Gliding Condyloid ```

Question 29

Ball and socket

Answer 29

Shoulder and hip.

Question 30

Hinge

Answer 30

Elbow joint. Flexion and extension

Question 31

Pivot joints

Answer 31

Rotation. In head and elbow

Question 32

Saddle joint

Answer 32

Saddle shaped in thumb. Flex, extend, abduct and circumduct

Question 33

Abduction

Answer 33

Increase angle of a joint to move a part away from the midline. Side and away from body

Question 34

Adduction

Answer 34

Decreases angle of joint to move a part toward the midline. Down and in

Question 35

Gliding joints

Answer 35

Articular processes between vertebrae

Question 36

Condyloid joints

Answer 36

Atlantooccipital joint

Question 37

Osteosarcoma

Answer 37

Most common and serious malignant bone neoplasm. Femur and proximal tibia and humerus

Question 38

Chondrosarcoma

Answer 38

Cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage. 2nd most common

Question 39

Osteoporosis

Answer 39

Bone losses minerals, calcified bone matrix and reduction in number of trabeculae in spongy bone

Question 40

Rickets and osteomalacia

Answer 40

Loss of bone minerals. Vitamins D deficiency

Question 41

Paget disease

Answer 41

Faulty remodelling results in deformed bones that fracture easily

Question 42

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 42

Bones brittle because of lack of organic matrix

Question 43

Osteomyelitis

Answer 43

Bacterial infection of bone

Question 44

Osteoarthritis

Answer 44

Noninflammatory disorder. Abnormal formation of new bone

Question 45

Arthritis

Answer 45

Inflammatory disease

Question 46

Systemic autoimmune disease

Answer 46

Chronic inflammation of synovial membrane with involvement of other tissues

Question 47

Gouty arthritis

Answer 47

Synovial inflammation caused by gout, in which sodium irate crystals form in joints

Question 48

Infectious arthritis

Answer 48

Resulting from infection by a pathogen