Skeletal System

Question 1

what is the function of the axial skeleton? Name the bones of the axial skeleton

Answer 1

provides support and protection 1. Cranium 2. Mandible 3. Sternum 4. Ribs 5. Vertebrae 6. Sacrum 7. Coccyx

Question 2

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

Name the bones

Answer 2

Allows mobility for manipulation and locomotion

Question 3

Name the bones of the Thoracic Cavity?

Answer 3

12 rib pairs sternum thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

The pectoral girdle consists of what?

Answer 4

1 clavicle 1 scapula Pectoral girdles attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 5

Upper arm bone?

Answer 5

humerus

Question 6

Forearm bone?

Answer 6

Radius & ulna

Question 7

Hand bones?

Answer 7

carpals (wrist) Metacarpals (knuckles) Phalanges (fingers)

Question 8

thigh bone?

Answer 8

femur.

Question 9

Leg bone?

Answer 9

Tibia: forms both the knee and ankle joints. Fibula

Question 10

Foot bone

Answer 10

Tarsals: ankle joints Metatarsals: located between the tarsals and the phalanges: toes

Question 11

Name the four bone types

Answer 11

Question 12

what are the 5 major bone cells and their main function?

Answer 12

1. Osteogenic - stem cells
2. Osteoblasts - Bone forming
3. Osteocytes - bone maintenance
4. Osteoclasts - bone resorption
5. Bone lining cells

Question 13

The epiphysis is the _ part of a _ bone

Answer 13

the epiphysis is the top/end part of a long bone

Question 14

Spongy bone is arranged in spicules of bone called _. The spaces are filled with _ _ _, which is responsible for _ _ production.

Answer 14

Spongy bone is arranged in spicules of bone called trabeculae. The spaces are filled with red bone marrow, which is responsible for blood cell production.

Question 15

Compact bone consists of bone tubes called _ packed together tightly. It provides strength and weight bearing qualities to compact bone.

Answer 15

Compact bone consists of bone tubes called osteons packed together tightly. It provides strength and weight bearing qualities to compact bone.

Question 16

Osteoid is what?

Answer 16

Osteoid is the bone matrix and collagen, secreted by osteoblasts.

Question 17

Where would you find a fibrous joint?

Answer 17

skull

(immovable, no joint cavity)

Question 18

Where would you find a catilaginous joint?

Answer 18

vertertebral disc

(held together by cartilage, no joint cavity, limited movement)

Question 19

Where would you find a synovial joint?

Answer 19

limb joints

(joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, bone ends covered with articular cartilage, lots of movement)

Question 20

The pubic symphysis; located at the front of the pelvis; is an example of which type of joint?

Answer 20

cartilaginous

Question 21

What are the 3 functions of skeletal muscles?

Answer 21

1. Attach to skeleton
2. voluntary control
3. Body movement and posture. Produce body heat. Stabilises joints.

Question 22

What are the 3 functions of smooth muscles?

Answer 22

1. found in walls of digestive tract, urinary bladder, respiratory tract, uterus, arteries
2. involuntary control
3. Contractions move content

Question 23

What are the 3 functions of cardiac muscles?

Answer 23

1. heart walls
2. involuntary control
3. Push blood around

Question 24

The cell responsible for the secretion of bone matrix is the:

Answer 24

osteoblast

Question 25

What are the four tissue types

Answer 25

epithelial tissue = covers connective tissue = supports muscle tissue = moves nervous tissue = controls

Question 26

Simple squamous epithelium does what? and is found where?

Answer 26

1. allows diffusion and infiltration 2. secretes lubrication in serosae. Found: air sacs in lungs heart lining blood vessels

Question 27

the simple squamous epithelium lining the lymphatic and blood vessels and the heart is known as what?

Answer 27

endothelium

Question 28

Where would you find the mesothelium?

Answer 28

simple squamous epithelium of the serous membrane lining the ventral body cavity

Question 29

function and location of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 29

1. Absorption and secretion of mucus, enzymes. Found: digestive tract, gallbladder, ciliated variety found in bronchi, uterine tubes

Question 30

function and location of pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 30

1. Secretes. Propels mucus using cillia. Found: sperm ducts, cilliated version lines trachea.

Question 31

What tissue type protects underlying tissue from wear and tear?

Answer 31

stratified squamous. Found: skin epidermis

Question 32

What are the four classes of connective tissue?

Answer 32

1. connective tissue proper 2. cartilage 3. Bone 4. Blood

Question 33

Name the three elements that make up connective tissue

Answer 33

Fibres Cells Ground substance

Question 34

Name the three fibres found in connective tissue?

Answer 34

1. Collagen = strength 2. elastic = stretch and recoil 3. reticular = like collagen but finer.

Question 35

Name the five cell types found in connective tissue?

Answer 35

1. Fibroblast = secretes fibres 2. Mast cells = inflammatory response 3. Macrophages = dumps dead cells 4. Fat cells = energy 5. White blood cells = injury response team

Question 36

Loose connective tissue fibres are irregularly arranged in three ways

Answer 36

1. Areolar = cushions organs. holds fluids. 2. adipose = energy 3. reticular = makes a bed for other cells

Question 37

closely packed fibres arranged in a single direction, with high strength and tension are known as what?

Answer 37

dense regular connective tissue

Question 38

Bundles of connective tissue arranged irregularly and able to endure pulling forces from different directions is known as what?

Answer 38

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 39

Dense regular arrangement of elastic fibres, able to return blood vessels to original shape after being stretched is known as what?

Answer 39

elastic connective tissue

Question 40

Name the 3 layers of the skin?

Answer 40

epidermis dermis hypodermis

Question 41

name the 5 layers of epidermis from deepest to superficial

Answer 41

**Stratum B.S.G.L.C** Stratum: basale spinosum granulosum lucidum corneum

Question 42

Cells of epidermis Kertainocytes and melanocytes do what?

Answer 42

Keratinocytes: produce kertain and lamellar Melanocytes: produce melanin. protect keratinocytes nucleus from UV radiation. found in basale layer.

Question 43

\_ epidermis cells eat foreign substances and are found in the spinosum

Answer 43

langerhans cells

Question 44

\_ cells of the epidermis detect touch and are found in the basal layer

Answer 44

merkel cells

Question 45

blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat and oil glands are found in the _ layer

Answer 45

dermis layer

Question 46

macrophages wander freely in the _ layer of the dermis

Answer 46

papillary layer

Question 47

where would you find simple squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 47

lung air sacs blood vessels