Skeletal System Flashcards by Hailey Bentley

Skeleton

A jointed framework that supports, protects, and gives shape to the body.

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What are bones made of?

Mineral salts (mainly calcium and phosphorus)

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What is the study of bones?

Osteology

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What type of tissue are bones?

A special type of connective tissue called Osseous tissue

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The hard, outer shell of bone

Compact bone

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Spongey, lattice-like, inner structure of bone

Cancellous (or cancellated) bone

(Think of ear cancelling headphones. They block out/absorb sound through spongey pads like cancellous bones absorb shock)

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Innermost part of bone that houses the bone marrow

Medullary cavity

Think of medusa in her cave-the MEDUllary cavity is like a cave inside the bone

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Diaphysis

Shaft of the long bone

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Which type of bone marrow stores fat?

Yellow bone marrow

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Red bone marrow

Hematopoietic young/forming blood cells

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What happens to bone marrow as you age?

Red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow

think if the order if the colors of the rainbow; red comes before yellow

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What is the term for blood cell producing?

Hematopoietic

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Periosteum

Fibrous vascular membrane that covers the bone surface (periosteum=”around the bone”)

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Osteoblasts

Immature bone cells

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Osteoclasts

Phagocytic cells that break down the bone

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What are the connections with the blood vessels of the periosteum?

Anastomoses

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What are openings in the bone?

Foramen

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Epiphyses

Ends of the bone

‘E’piphyses ‘E’nds

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What produces the hormones that signal bone growth?

Pituitary gland

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Bone between the hip joint and the stifle

Femur

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What is the bone that is distal to the shoulder and proximal to the elbow?

Humerus

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List the different classifications of bone

Long, flat, short, irregular

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Breastbone

Sternum

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What type of bone is the sternum?

Flat

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Scapula

Shoulder blade

Name the short bones found in the joint capsules of some animals (typically equine)

Sesamoid bones

What classification of bone is the Os penis?

Irregular

What two main parts are the skeleton divided into?

Axial and appendicular

U-shaped bones located in the neck

Hyoid bones

What is the purpose of the hyoid bones?

Support the pharynx

What are the parts of the axial skeleton?

Skull, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

The bones of the limbs, clavicle, scapula, and pelvis

Tunnel

Canal

Rounded projection

Condyle | Think of a dial. ConDYLE, dial :p

Crest, crista

High ridge

Small, smooth area

Facet

Opening or hole

Foramen

Condyle

Rounded projection

Fosse, fovea

Basinlike depression | Think of searching for fossils in a dried up basin. FOSSil, FOSSa

Rounded eminence or projection

Head

Line

Low ridge

Passage or opening

Meatus

Any projection

Process

Meatus

Passage or opening

Cavity or channel

Sinus

Sharp projection

Spine | Think of sharp projections like the spines of a porcupine-not just spine like the spinal column

Open, ditchlike groove

Sulcus | Look up sulcata tortoise. Think of the grooves in their shell

Seam

Suture

Broad, flat process

Trochanter

Tubercle

Small, rounded eminence

Protuberance

Tuberosity

What are the two major segments of the skull?

Cranium and facial bones

What protects the brain and organs of special sense?

Skull

What is the only moveable bone of the skull?

Mandible

Lower jaw

Upper jaw

Maxilla

What lessen bone weight, provide resonating chambers for vocalization, and warm/moisten air?

Sinuses

What is the bone that forms the forehead?

Frontal bone | 'F'rontal, 'F'orehead

Eye sockets

Orbits

Horns are an extension of what bone?

Frontal

What forms the roof and upper part of each side of skull?

Parietal bones | Parietal bones are in the periphery of the frontal bone. Think parietal = peripheral

Back of head

Occipital

Large opening in the back of the skull for the passage of the spinal cord from the skull into the spine

Foramen magnum | Kind of like your body's power cord

What bones form part of the cranial floor and the lower part of the sides of the skull?

Temporal bones

Sphenoid

Bone at the base of the skull that supports parts of the orbit and forms the lateral walls of the skull (Near top of cheekbone)

Turbinates

Bones of the upper respiratory tract which are covered with highly vascular mucous membranes (forms the sinus cavities)

Vertebrae of the neck

Cervical

What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?

Atlas (T before X, or atlas with the world-or in this case your head-on his shoulders)

Second cervical vertebra

Axis (x comes after T)

Vertebrae of the neck

Cervical

Number of cervical vertebrae in cats and dogs?

Vertebrae of the chest

Thoracic

How many thoracic vertebrae do dogs and cats have?

Vertebrae of the lower back

Lumbar | Lumbar sounds kind of like limbo. Or L for lower back and lumbar

Sacrum

Bone resulting from the fusion of 3-5 vertebrae

The series of flat bones that make up the sternum

Sternebrae

True ribs

Ribs that attach directly to the sternum

The most caudal sternebrae

Xiphoid process

The bone resulting from the fusion of 3-5 vertebrae

Sacrum

The vertebrae of the caudal or tail

Coccygeal

What does the body of a vertebra do?

Bear weight

What does the arch of a vertebra do?

House the spinal cord

Cartilaginous shock absorbing cushions between the vertebrae

Intervertebral disks | Think of the horse heads from the IVDD pictures

Costal cartilage

Attaches rib to sternum

Ribs NOT attached to cartilage

Floating ribs

Ungulate

A hooved animal

Collarbone

Clavicle

Is the radius medial or lateral?

Medial (Don't think of your own radius, bc it looks vastly different on hooved animals. The radius is medial, while the ulna is lateral)

Name for elbone

Olecranon

Knee joint

Stifle

Hock

Ankle

Processes on the femur for muscle attachment

Greater and lesser trochanters

Bone that glides over the stifle joint

Patella (Patella makes me think of pastry, bc the patella on drawings looks like a ball of dough over your stifle..idk I may just be hungry)

Pelvis

An irregular bone that connects to the sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae. 3 bones fused together.

Name the parts of the pelvis

Ilium ***with an 'I'*** Ischium Pubis

Longest bone in the body

Femur

Hip socket

Acetabulum (I thought about CHD and taking acetaminophen for your acetabulum. Not the greatest way to remember it though, because im pretty sure that's toxic to dogs lol)

Larger, more weight bearing bone of the leg.

Tibia

Lateral bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia

Fibula | I tell a little FIB. To who? To U. FIB-U-la