Skeleton
A jointed framework that supports, protects, and gives shape to the body.
What are bones made of?
Mineral salts (mainly calcium and phosphorus)
What is the study of bones?
Osteology
What type of tissue are bones?
A special type of connective tissue called Osseous tissue
The hard, outer shell of bone
Compact bone
Spongey, lattice-like, inner structure of bone
Cancellous (or cancellated) bone
(Think of ear cancelling headphones. They block out/absorb sound through spongey pads like cancellous bones absorb shock)
Innermost part of bone that houses the bone marrow
Medullary cavity
Think of medusa in her cave-the MEDUllary cavity is like a cave inside the bone
Diaphysis
Shaft of the long bone
Which type of bone marrow stores fat?
Yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow
Hematopoietic young/forming blood cells
What happens to bone marrow as you age?
Red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow
think if the order if the colors of the rainbow; red comes before yellow
What is the term for blood cell producing?
Hematopoietic
Periosteum
Fibrous vascular membrane that covers the bone surface (periosteum=”around the bone”)
Osteoblasts
Immature bone cells
Osteoclasts
Phagocytic cells that break down the bone
What are the connections with the blood vessels of the periosteum?
Anastomoses
What are openings in the bone?
Foramen
Epiphyses
Ends of the bone
‘E’piphyses ‘E’nds
What produces the hormones that signal bone growth?
Pituitary gland
Bone between the hip joint and the stifle
Femur
What is the bone that is distal to the shoulder and proximal to the elbow?
Humerus
List the different classifications of bone
Long, flat, short, irregular
Breastbone
Sternum
What type of bone is the sternum?
Flat
Scapula
Shoulder blade
Name the short bones found in the joint capsules of some animals (typically equine)
Sesamoid bones
What classification of bone is the Os penis?
Irregular
What two main parts are the skeleton divided into?
Axial and appendicular
U-shaped bones located in the neck
Hyoid bones
What is the purpose of the hyoid bones?
Support the pharynx
What are the parts of the axial skeleton?
Skull, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
The bones of the limbs, clavicle, scapula, and pelvis
Tunnel
Canal
Rounded projection
Condyle
Think of a dial. ConDYLE, dial :p
Crest, crista
High ridge
Small, smooth area
Facet
Opening or hole
Foramen
Condyle
Rounded projection
Fosse, fovea
Basinlike depression
Think of searching for fossils in a dried up basin. FOSSil, FOSSa
Rounded eminence or projection
Head
Line
Low ridge
Passage or opening
Meatus
Any projection
Process
Meatus
Passage or opening
Cavity or channel
Sinus
Sharp projection
Spine
Think of sharp projections like the spines of a porcupine-not just spine like the spinal column
Open, ditchlike groove
Sulcus
Look up sulcata tortoise. Think of the grooves in their shell
Seam
Suture
Broad, flat process
Trochanter
Tubercle
Small, rounded eminence
Protuberance
Tuberosity
What are the two major segments of the skull?
Cranium and facial bones
What protects the brain and organs of special sense?
Skull
What is the only moveable bone of the skull?
Mandible
Mandible
Lower jaw
Upper jaw
Maxilla
What lessen bone weight, provide resonating chambers for vocalization, and warm/moisten air?
Sinuses
What is the bone that forms the forehead?
Frontal bone
‘F’rontal, ‘F’orehead
Eye sockets
Orbits
Horns are an extension of what bone?
Frontal
What forms the roof and upper part of each side of skull?
Parietal bones
Parietal bones are in the periphery of the frontal bone. Think parietal = peripheral
Back of head
Occipital
Large opening in the back of the skull for the passage of the spinal cord from the skull into the spine
Foramen magnum
Kind of like your body’s power cord
What bones form part of the cranial floor and the lower part of the sides of the skull?
Temporal bones
Sphenoid
Bone at the base of the skull that supports parts of the orbit and forms the lateral walls of the skull
(Near top of cheekbone)
Turbinates
Bones of the upper respiratory tract which are covered with highly vascular mucous membranes (forms the sinus cavities)
Vertebrae of the neck
Cervical
What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?
Atlas (T before X, or atlas with the world-or in this case your head-on his shoulders)
Second cervical vertebra
Axis (x comes after T)
Vertebrae of the neck
Cervical
Number of cervical vertebrae in cats and dogs?
7
Vertebrae of the chest
Thoracic
How many thoracic vertebrae do dogs and cats have?
13
Vertebrae of the lower back
Lumbar
Lumbar sounds kind of like limbo. Or L for lower back and lumbar
Sacrum
Bone resulting from the fusion of 3-5 vertebrae
The series of flat bones that make up the sternum
Sternebrae
True ribs
Ribs that attach directly to the sternum
The most caudal sternebrae
Xiphoid process
The bone resulting from the fusion of 3-5 vertebrae
Sacrum
The vertebrae of the caudal or tail
Coccygeal
What does the body of a vertebra do?
Bear weight
What does the arch of a vertebra do?
House the spinal cord
Cartilaginous shock absorbing cushions between the vertebrae
Intervertebral disks
Think of the horse heads from the IVDD pictures
Costal cartilage
Attaches rib to sternum
Ribs NOT attached to cartilage
Floating ribs
Ungulate
A hooved animal
Collarbone
Clavicle
Is the radius medial or lateral?
Medial
(Don’t think of your own radius, bc it looks vastly different on hooved animals. The radius is medial, while the ulna is lateral)
Name for elbone
Olecranon
Knee joint
Stifle
Hock
Ankle
Processes on the femur for muscle attachment
Greater and lesser trochanters
Bone that glides over the stifle joint
Patella
(Patella makes me think of pastry, bc the patella on drawings looks like a ball of dough over your stifle..idk I may just be hungry)
Pelvis
An irregular bone that connects to the sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae. 3 bones fused together.
Name the parts of the pelvis
Ilium with an ‘I’
Ischium
Pubis
Longest bone in the body
Femur
Hip socket
Acetabulum
(I thought about CHD and taking acetaminophen for your acetabulum. Not the greatest way to remember it though, because im pretty sure that’s toxic to dogs lol)
Larger, more weight bearing bone of the leg.
Tibia
Lateral bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia
Fibula
I tell a little FIB. To who? To U. FIB-U-la
