Skeletal System

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

long axis of the body - includes skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

protects, supports, and carries other body parts

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

upper and lower limbs and girdles attaching to axial skeleton

provides movement to the body

Question 3

long bones

Answer 3

longer than they are wide - most large limb bones are long bones (femur, humerus, etc.)

Question 4

short bones

Answer 4

as long as they are wide (ex. carpal and tarsal bones)

*includes sesamoid bones that form in a tendon

Question 5

flat bones

Answer 5

thin, flattened and often a little curved (ex. sternum, scapula, ribs, and most skull bones)

Question 6

irregular bones

Answer 6

bones that don’t fit into any other category (ex. vertebrae)

Question 7

bone markings

Answer 7

projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment

Question 8

tuberosity

Answer 8

large rounded projection, may be roughened

Question 9

crest

Answer 9

narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

Question 10

trochanter

Answer 10

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Question 11

line

Answer 11

narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

Question 12

tubercle

Answer 12

small rounded projection or process

Question 13

epicondyle

Answer 13

raised area on or above a condyle

Question 14

spine

Answer 14

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Question 15

process

Answer 15

any bone prominence

Question 16

head

Answer 16

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Question 17

condyle

Answer 17

rounded articular projection

Question 18

ramus

Answer 18

arm-like bar of bone

Question 19

fissure

Answer 19

narrow, slit-like opening

Question 20

notch

Answer 20

indentation at edge of a structure

Question 21

meatus

Answer 21

canal-like passageway

Question 22

foramen

Answer 22

round or oval opening through a bone

Question 23

fossa

Answer 23

shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Question 24

groove

Answer 24

furrow

Question 25

sinus

Answer 25

cavity within a bone filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane

Question 26

facet

Answer 26

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Question 27

How many bones are in the skull?

Answer 27

22 bones are in the skull (8 cranial and 14 facial)

Question 28

How many bones are in the spine?

Answer 28

33 bones are in the spine (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused pieces - sacrum, 4 fused pieces - coccyx)

Question 29

How many bones are in the sternum?

Answer 29

3 bones are in the sternum (manubrium, body, and xiphoid process)

Question 30

How many ribs are in the rib cage?

Answer 30

12 pairs of ribs (2 are floating)

Question 31

atlas

Answer 31

C1 vertebra, has articular facet for odontoid process (dens)

Question 32

axis

Answer 32

C2 vertebra, has odontoid process (dens)

Question 33

true ribs

Answer 33

ribs 1-7, attach directly to the sternum

Question 34

false ribs

Answer 34

ribs 8-12 (11 and 12 are floating), attach indirectly to the sternum by coastal cartilage (except for 11 and 12)

Question 35

3 parts of the sternum

Answer 35

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 36

bones of the shoulder girdle

Answer 36

scapula, humerus, clavicle

Question 37

bones of elbow and forearm

Answer 37

humerus, ulna, radius

Question 38

carpal bones

Answer 38

pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 39

pelvic girdle bones

Answer 39

sacrum, coccyx, coxal bone

Question 40

3 parts of the coxal bone

Answer 40

ilium, ischium, and pubis