Skeletal System and joints

Question 0

The Appendicular skeleton consists of?

Answer 0

Bones of the extremities.

Question 1

Axial Skeleton consists of?

Answer 1

Bones of the head, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Question 2

How many different long bones do we have?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

Name all the different Long bones in the human body.

Answer 3

Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, and phalanges.

Question 4

Diaphysis

Answer 4

Diaphysis forms the shaft (central region) and is composed of a thick tube of compact bone that encloses the marrow cavity.

Question 5

Metaphysis

Answer 5

Metaphysis is a part of diaphysis, the growt zone between the diaphysis and epiphysis during bone development.

Question 6

Epiphyses

Answer 6

Epiphyses are expanded articular ends, separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate during bone growth and composed of a spongy bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone.

Question 7

Short Bones

Answer 7

Include the carpal and trasal bones and are approximately cuboid shaped.

Question 8

Flat Bones

Answer 8

Include the ribs, sternum, scapulae, and bones in the value of the bones.

Question 9

Irregular Bone

Answer 9

Include bones of mixed shapes such as bones of the skull, vertebrae, and coxa.

Question 10

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 10

Develope in certain Tendos and reduce fricton on the tendon, thus protecting it from excessive wear. Are commonly found where tendos cross the ends of long bones in the limbs, as in the wrist and the knee (i.e., patella).

Question 11

Joints

Answer 11

• are places of union between two or more bones.
• are innervated as follow: The nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles that move the joint and the skin covering the insertion of such muscles. (Hiltons law).
• are classified on the basis of their stryctural features into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synoval types.

Question 12

Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses)

Answer 12

Synarthroses are joints by fibrous tissue, have no joint cavities, and premit little movment.

Question 13

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 13

Cartilaginous Joints are united by cartilage and have no joint cavity.

Question 14

Synchondroses

Answer 14

• Primary Cartilage Joints are united by hyaline cartilage and premit no movement but growth inte length.
• include epiphyseal cartilage plates (the union between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a growing bone) and sphenooccipital and manubriosternal synchondroses.

Question 15

Symphyses

Answer 15

• Secondary Cartilaginous Joints are joined by fibrocartilage and are slightly movable joints.
• include the pubic symphysis and the interverrebral disks.

Question 16

Synovial (Diarthrodial) Joints

Answer 16

• premit a great degree of free movement.
• are characterized by four featues:
- joint cavity
- articular (hyaline) cartilage
- synovial membrane (which produces synovial fluid).
- articular capsule

Question 17

Plane Joints

Answer 17

Plane (gliding) joints
• are united by two flat articular surfaces and allow a simple gliding or sliding of one bone over the other.
• occour in the proximal tibiofibular, intercarpal, intermetacarpal, carpometracarpal, sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints.

Question 18

Hinge (ginglymus) joints

Answer 18

• resemble door hinges and allow flexion and extension.

* occour in the elbow, ankle and interphakangeal joints.

Question 19

Pivot (trochoid) joints

Answer 19

• Are formed by a central bony pivot turning whithin a bony ring and allow only rotation.
• occur in the superior and inferior radiounal joints and in the atlantoaxial joint.

Question 20

Condylar (ellipsodial) joints

Answer 20

• have two convex condyles articulating with two concave condyles. (The shape of the articulation is ellipisoidal.)
• allow flexion and extention and occour in the wrist (radiocarpal), metacarpophalangeal, knee (tibiofemoral), and atlantooccipital joints.

Question 21

Saddle (sellar) joints

Answer 21

• Resemble a saddle on a horse’s back and allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction but no axial rotation.
• occour in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb and between femur and patella.

Question 22

Ball-and-Socket (Spheroidal or Cotyloid) joints

Answer 22

• are formed by the reception of a globular (ball-like) head into a cup-shaped cavity and allow movement in many directions.
• allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotations, and circumduction and occour in the shoulder and hip joints.