Skeletal System: Bone Structure/Function Flashcards
Diploe
Located in flat bones btwn spongy & compact.
osteon
compact bone matrix/functional unit
Epiphysus
Located at the ends of long bones. Spongy bone covered by thin layer of compact bone.
Energy Reserve & Form
Yellow bone marrow stored in medullary cavities and spongy bone
Osteocyte Communication
Bone cells communicate through canaliculi
Periosteum
sensitive to injury. covers the outside of bone. Fibrous outer layer-isolate bone from surrounding tissue, blood/nervous supply. Attachment for tendons/fibers.
Cellular inner layer-bone growth/repair. Osteo-genic,-blasts,-clasts.
Bone tissue
support, framework, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation.
Red Blood Cell Production
Produced in red bone marrow
Foramen Purpose
nutrient foramen. Small hole in bone that allows nutrients to pass through
Ossification Cells
Osteoblasts make osteoid. Trigger increase in Ca++ salt->deposits in the matrix
Covering and linings of bone
Periosteum, endosteum-line medullary cavity-osteo-genic, blasts, clasts.
Low Calcium levels activate what?
activate pth to reabsorb ca from kidney, GI, increase osteoclast activity
Endochondral ossification
long bone formation. 1. hyaline cartilage form. 2. vessels & fibroblasts invade cartilage, fibroblasts convert into osteoblasts. 3. articular cartilage remains exposed to joint cavity. Epiphysial plate separate diaphysis from epiphysis.
Parietal bone development
intramembranous ossification. flat bones. occurs in deep layers of dermis.
Fontanels!
Bone growth
starts at 6 weeks in utero, continues until ~25
exercise on bone strength
increased pressure on bones is detected by osteocytes which communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid
Long Bone Completion
long bones are done growing when the epiphyseal line is present replacing the epiphyseal disc/plate
PTH
stimulates increase in blood calcium
