Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Question 1

Which of these is not a function of bone?

a. internal support and protection
b. attachment for the muscles
c. calcium and phosphate storage
d. blood cell production
e. vitamin D storage

Answer 1

vitamin D storage

Question 2

Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells within the _____ , and they are derived from _____.

Answer 2

lacunae, chondroblasts

Question 3

Which of these statements concerning cartilage is correct?

a. Cartilage often occurs in thin plates or sheets.
b. Chondrocytes receive nutrients and oxygen from blood vessels in the matrix.
c. Articular cartilage has a thick perichondrium layer.
d. The perichondrium contains both chondrocytes and osteocytes.
e. Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes within the tissue add more matrix from the inside.

Answer 3

cartilage often occurs in thin plates or sheets

Question 4

What substances makes up the major portion of bone?

Answer 4

hydroxyapatite

Question 5

The flexible strength of bone occurs because of

Answer 5

collagen fibers

Question 6

The primary function of osteoclasts is to

Answer 6

break down bone

Question 7

Central canals

a. connect perforating canals to canaliculi.
b. connect spongy bone to compact bone.
c. are where blood cells are produced.
d. are found only in spongy bone.
e. are lined with periosteum.

Answer 7

connect perforating canals to canaliculi

Question 8

The lamellae found in osteons are _____ lamellae.

Answer 8

concentric

Question 9

Spongy bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called

Answer 9

trabeculae

Question 10

A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the

Answer 10

diaphysis

Question 11

Yellow marrow is

Answer 11

mostly adipose tissue

Question 12

The periosteum

a. is an epithelial tissue membrane.
b. covers the outer and internal surfaces of bone.
c. contains only osteoblasts.
d. becomes continuous with collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments.
e. has a single fibrous layer.

Answer 12

becomes continuous with collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments

Question 13

Given these events:
(1) Osteochondral progenitor cells become osteoblasts.
(2) Connective tissue membrane is formed.
(3) Osteoblasts produce woven bone.
Which sequence best describes intramembranous bone formation?

Answer 13

2,1,3

Question 14

Given these processes:
(1) Chondrocytes die.
(2) Cartilage matrix calcifies.
(3) Chondrocytes hypertrophy.
(4) Osteoblasts deposit bone.
(5) Blood vessels grow into lacunae.
Which sequence best represents the order in which these processes occur during endochondral bone formation?

Answer 14

3,2,1,5,4

Question 15

Intramembranous bone formation

a. occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
b. is responsible for growth in diameter of a bone.
c. gives rise to the flat bones of the skull.
d. occurs within a hyaline cartilage model.
e. produces articular cartilage in the long bones.

Answer 15

gives rise to the flat bones of the skull

Question 16

The ossification regions formed during early fetal development

Answer 16

primary ossification centers

Question 17

Growth in the length of a long bone occurs

Answer 17

at epiphyseal plate

Question 18

During growth in length of a long bone, cartilage forms and then ossifies. The location of the ossification is the zone of

Answer 18

calcification

Question 19

Given these processes:
(1) An osteon is produced.
(2) Osteoblasts from the periosteum form a series of ridges.
(3) The periosteum becomes the endosteum.
(4) Osteoblasts lay down bone to produce a concentric lamella.
(5) Grooves are changed into tunnels.
Which sequence best represents the order in which these processes occur during growth in the width of a long bone?

Answer 19

2,5,3,4,1

Question 20

Chronic vitamin D deficiency results in which of these consequences?

a. Bones become brittle.
b. The percentage of bone composed of hydroxyapatite increases.
c. Bones become soft and pliable.
d. Scurvy occurs.
e. Both a and b are correct.

Answer 20

bones become soft and pliable

Question 21

Estrogen

a. stimulates a burst of growth at puberty.
b. causes a later closure of the epiphyseal plate than testosterone does.
c. causes a longer growth period in females than testosterone causes in males.
d. tends to prolong the growth phase of the epiphyseal plates.
e. All of these are correct.

Answer 21

stimulates a burst of growth at puberty

Question 22

Bone remodeling can occur

a. when woven bone is converted into lamellar bone.
b. as bones are subjected to varying patterns of stress.
c. as a long bone increases in diameter.
d. when new osteons form in compact bone.
e. All of these are correct.

Answer 22

all of these are correct

Question 23

Given these processes:
(1) cartilage ossification
(2) external callus formation
(3) hematoma formation
(4) internal callus formation
(5) remodeling of woven bone into compact bone
Which sequence best represents the order in which the processes occur during repair of a fracture?

Answer 23

3,4,2,1,5

Question 24

Which of these processes during bone repair requires the longest period of time?

a. cartilage ossification
b. external callus formation
c. hematoma formation
d. internal callus formation
e. remodeling of woven bone into compact bone

Answer 24

remodeling of woven bone into compact bone

Question 25

If the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases, osteoclast activity _____ and blood Ca2+ levels _____

Answer 25

increases, increase