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Anatomy Per 1 Ghelsey Go > Skeletal System Part 2 - Ghelsey Go > Flashcards

Skeletal System Part 2 - Ghelsey Go Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the skeleton?

A

Axial and Appendicular

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2
Q

What are the functions of the Axial Skeleton?

A

serves as the framework for support and protection of vital organs and the spinal cord

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3
Q

What are the functions of the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

provides shape to arms & legs; facilitates movement

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4
Q

What is a function of the Axial Skeleton that is required to live?

A

provides surface area for the attachment of muscles that help you breath

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5
Q

What does the vertebral column consist of?

A

7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, a sacrum, and a coccyx

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6
Q

What is C1?

A

Atlas: holds up the head and allows the “yes” head movement

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7
Q

What is C2?

A

Axis: allows the “no” head movement

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8
Q

What is the Odontoid Process (Dens)?

A

it is a projection of the axis that projects up toward the atlas

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9
Q

What does the body of cervical vertebrae look like?

A

relatively small, oval, and concave

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10
Q

What is unique about the cervical vertebrae?

A

stumpy and notched (tip) spinous process, transverse process has transverse foramina

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11
Q

Why does the cervical vertebrae have transverse foramina?

A

to protect the blood vessels that go to and from the brain

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12
Q

What does the body of thoracic vertebrae look like?

A

heart-shaped

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13
Q

What is unique about the thoracic vertebrae?

A

long and thin spinous process that points inferiorly & costal facets that articulate with the ribs

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14
Q

What does the body of lumbar vertebrae look like?

A

larger, thicker, more oval

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15
Q

What is unique about the lumbar vertebrae?

A

they have a massive & stumpy spinous process and a blade-like transverse process

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16
Q

What is the sacrum? (characteristics and functions)

A

5 fused vertebrae that protect organs in the pelvic cavity

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17
Q

What is the coccyx? (characteristics and functions)

A

3-5 fused vertebrae that provides attachment for muscles of the anal opening

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18
Q

What are primary curves?

A

they are vertebral curves that are present at birth; projects posteriorly (think fetal position)

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19
Q

What do primary curves include? (area)

A

thoracic and sacral curves

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20
Q

What are secondary curves?

A

vertebral curves that develop several months after birth; projects anteriorly

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21
Q

What do secondary curves include? (area)

A

cervical and lumbar curves

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22
Q

How many of each type of rib is there?

A

7 pairs of true ribs & 5 pairs of false ribs (includes the 2 pairs of floating ribs)

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23
Q

What are true ribs?

A

Vertebrosternal ribs –> has costal cartilage that directly connects to the sternum

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24
Q

Where are the bones of the ear and what are they called?

A

Auditory Ossicles found in the middle ear

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25
What is the tissue found between cranial bones at birth?
connective tissue called fontanelles
26
What is the purpose of fontanelles?
they allow for the brain and skull to grow; allow for easier delivery of the head during child birth
27
What are the three parts of the sternum?
manubrium (articulates with clavicle), body (long), xiphoid process (inferior tip)
28
How many cranial bones are there?
8
29
How many facial bones are there?
14
30
What are all the cranial bones?
frontal (1), parietal (2), occipital (1), temporal (2), sphenoid (1), ethmoid (1)
31
What are all the facial bones?
zygomatic (2), maxillae (2), mandible (1), nasal (2), vomer (1), palatine (2), lacrimal (2), nasal conchae (2)
32
What does the frontal bone form?
forehead and the roof of eye sockets
33
Where are the parietal bones? What do they form?
posterior to frontal bone; form the roof of the cranium
34
What does the occipital bone form?
the posterior, inferior part of the cranium
35
Where are the temporal bones?
on either side of the cranium and zygomatic arches
36
What is the sphenoid bone? What does it form?
forms the floor of the cranium; is the bridge between facial and cranial bones
37
Where is the ethmoid? What does it form?
anterior to sphenoid; forms part of cranial floor, medial surfaces of orbits, and roof & sides of nasal cavity
38
What is the zygomatic?
cheekbone
39
What does the maxillae form?
the floor and medial sides of the rim of the eye sockets, the walls of the nasal cavity, and the anterior roof of the mouth
40
Which facial bones does the maxillae articulate with?
every facial bone except mandible
41
What is the mandible?
lower jawbone
42
What does the vomer form? What does it articulate with?
forms part of the nasal septum; articulates with palatine bones
43
What do the palatine bones form?
the roof of the mouth
44
What do the nasal bones form?
the bridge of the nose
45
What is the lacrimal bone?
tear duct bone
46
Where are the nasal conchae?
they project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
47
What is the Hyoid bone? What is so special about it?
a small, u-shaped bone in the neck; only bone that does not directly articulate with any other bone
48
What is the styloid process?
giant-looking fangs found on the inferior surface of the temporal bone
49
What is the mastoid process?
"knob" behind ear; important for muscle attachment
50
What is the external acoustic meatus?
earhole (to put it in simple words)
51
What forms the zygomatic arch?
temporal process of the zygomatic & zygomatic process of the temporal bone
52
What are the paranasal sinuses?
frontal (1 pair), ethmoidal (3 pairs), maxillary (1 pair), sphenoidal (1 pair)
53
Where is the frontal sinus?
superior to the orbit and within the frontal bone
54
Where are the ethmoidal sinuses?
between the eyes, on either side of the septum
55
Where is the maxillary sinus?
in the maxillae, on either side of the nasal cavity
56
What are carpals?
wrist bones
57
What do metacarpals form?
the palm
58
What are the 3 types of phalanges? Where is each?
proximal phalanges (section closest to palm), middle phalanges (middle section), distal phalanges (tip of fingers)
59
What is special about the thumb?
pollex only has proximal and distal phalanges
60
What is the pectoral girdle made up of?
clavicle and scapula
61
What does the pectoral girdle connect?
the upper limb to the trunk
62
What is the pelvic girdle made up of?
two coxal (hip) bones
63
What does the pelvic girdle attach to?
firmly attached to axial skeleton (via sacrum at sacroiliac joints); femurs via acetabulum
64
How does the pelvic girdle compare to the pectoral girdle?
pelvic girdle is much more massive
65
What are diarthrotic joints?
freely movable joints
66
What are synovial joints?
joints with the most range of motion; diarthrosis; usually found at end of long bones
67
What is a joint capsule?
a fibrous capsule that surrounds synovial joints and improves its stability; inner surfaces are lined with synovial membrane
68
What is a symphysis?
an amphiarthrotic and cartilaginous joint; connects bone through a fibrocartilage pad
69
What is an example of a symphysis?
pubic symphysis
70
What is the purpose of a fat pad?
for cushion in synovial joints
71
What is a bursa? What is it's purpose?
packets of connective tissue that contain synovial fluid; serves as a friction reducer and shock absorber
72
What is the purpose of articular cartilage?
covers the end of each long bone to reduce friction in joints
73
What is the purpose of menisci?
acts as additional padding in synovial joints
74
What is the function of tendons?
connects muscle to bone and facilitates movement around a joint
75
What is the function of ligaments?
connects bone to bone; stabilizes joint; ensures that the bones in the joint don't twist too much or move too far apart and become dislocated
76
What are the different types of joints (structure & function) and what do they mean?
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial, synarthrosis (no movement), amphiarthrosis (some movement), diarthrosis (greatest range of motion)
77
What is a suture?
a fibrous connection with interlocked bony surfaces (synarthrosis); ex --> skull bones
78
What is a gomphosis?
a fibrous connection with insertion into a bony socket (synarthrosis); ex --> teeth
79
What is a syndesmosis?
connection through ligament (fibrous & amphiarthrosis); ex --> tibia & fibula
80
What is a synchondrosis?
interposition of a cartilage plate (synarthrosis); ex --> first ribs & sternum + epiphyseal cartilage
81
What are the types of synovial joints?
gliding, pivot, ball & socket, hinge, condylar, saddle
82
What is a gliding joint?
flat/slightly curved surfaces; slight movement (ex: manubrium & clavicle)
83
What movement does a pivot joint allow?
only allows rotation (ex: turning head)
84
What movement does a hinge joint alllow?
only allows angular movement in one direction (ex: ulna & humerus)
85
What is a ball & socket joint?
a rounded head nesting in a cup-shaped depression; allows angular, rotational, and circumduction movement (ex: shoulder)
86
What is a condylar joint?
a joint where an oval surface rests in a depression in the other bone; allows angular motion in two planes (ex: scaphoid & radius)
87
What is a saddle joint?
when two bones that each have a concave face on one axis and a convex face on the other; allows circumduction (ex: thumb)
88
What are the angular movements?
flexion, extension. hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
89
What is flexion?
a decrease in the angle of two long bones
90
What is a extension?
an increase in the angle of two long bones
91
What is a hyperextension?
an extension that goes beyond anatomical position
92
What is an abduction?
moving a limb away from midline
93
What is an adduction?
moving a limb toward midline
94
What is circumduction?
the movement of a limb in a loop
95
What are the rotational joint movements?
rotation, supination, pronation
96
What is a pronation?
when palm is anterior then turned to posterior
97
What is supination?
when palm is posterior then turned to anterior
98
What are the special joint movements?
inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition, reposition, elevation, depression, lateral flexion
99
What is inversion?
twisting the sole of the foot inward
100
What is eversion?
twisting the sole of the foot outward
101
What is dorsiflexion?
elevating the sole of the ankle, keeping heel down
102
What is plantar flexion?
pointing of toes
103
What is opposition?
moving thumb toward the palm to grasp
104
What is reposition?
returning from opposition
105
What is elevation & depression?
moving a structure up and down (ex: opening and closing jaw)
106
What is lateral flexion?
bending of the vertebral column to the side
107
What are the parts of a vertebra?
vertebral body, vertebral foramina, pedicles (walls), laminae (roofs), spinous process, transverse process, articular process
108
What are examples of sports injuries relation to the skeletal system?
torn acl & meniscus, tendonitis, fractures, dislocations
109
What is a process?
any projection or bump
110
What is a trochanter?
a large, rough projection
111
What is a tuberosity?
a smaller, rough projection
112
What is a tubercle?
a small, rounded projection
113
What is a crest?
a prominent ridge
114
What is a head?
the expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a neck
115
What is a neck?
a narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
116
What is a condyle?
a smooth, rounded articular process
117
What is a trochlea?
a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pullery
118
What is a facet?
a small, smooth articular surface

Anatomy Per 1 Ghelsey Go (1 decks)

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