Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Skeletal System > Skeletal system summary > Flashcards

Skeletal system summary Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Functions of Skeletal System

A

1) Support of the body
2) Protection of soft organs
3) Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
4) Blood cell formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 types of bones

A

Flat
Irregular
Long
Short
Sesamoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basic Anatomical Planes

A

Medial/Sagittal
Horizontal/Transverse
Frontal/Coronal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Superior

A

a structure that is higher than another e.g. knee is superior to ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inferior

A

a structure that lies below another e.g ankle joint is inferior to knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Posterior

A

The back of the body or structure e.g. the spine is posterior to the abdominals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anterior

A

The front of the body or structure e.g. The belly button is anterior to the gluteal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Medial

A

A structure that is closer to the midline of the body or movement towards the midline e.g. the sternum is medial to the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lateral

A

A structure further away from the midline or movement away from the midline e.g the shoulders are lateral to the chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Distal

A

The end of a structure on the extremities located further from the trunk e.g. the hand is distal to the elbow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proximal

A

The end of a structure on the extremities located closer to the trunk e.g the elbow is proximal to the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the surface of the structure e.g. the skin is superficial to the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deep

A

Further away from the surface of a structure e.g the heart is deeper to the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Axial Skeleton

A

refers to the body’s axis- an imaginary straight line that runs between the head and the feet. The skull, spinal column and chest make up the Axial skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Appendicular Skeleton

A

refers to the appendages that are attached to the axial skeleton. The pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle and our arms and legs – 126 bones in all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the characteristics of Long Bones?

A

Longer than they are wider

Examples include the Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Humerus, Radius, and Ulna.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the primary function of Long Bones?

A

Support weight & facilitate movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many Long Bones are there in the human body?

A

~90 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Provide two examples of Long Bones in the lower limb.

A
  • Femur
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the characteristics of Short Bones?

A

Same length and width, cube-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the primary function of Short Bones?

A

Provide stability & movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many Short Bones are there in the human body?

A

~28 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Provide two examples of Short Bones.

A
  • Carpals
  • Tarsals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the characteristics of Flat Bones?
Flattened, curved, plate-like formation
26
What is the primary function of Flat Bones?
Protect internal organs
27
How many Flat Bones are there in the human body?
~36 bones
28
Provide two examples of Flat Bones.
* Skull * Scapula * Ribs * Sternum * Pelvic girdle
29
What are the characteristics of Irregular Bones?
Complex/Irregular shapes
30
What is the primary function of Irregular Bones?
Helps protect internal organs
31
How many Irregular Bones are there in the human body?
~48 bones
32
Provide two examples of Irregular Bones.
* Mandible * Sacrum * Vertebrae
33
What are the characteristics of Sesamoid Bones?
Small, round
34
What is the primary function of Sesamoid Bones?
Protects/reinforces tendons from stress and wear
35
How many Sesamoid Bones are there in the human body?
~4 bones
36
Provide an example of a Sesamoid Bone.
* Patella * Pisiform (carpal bone)
37
types of joints
Synovial Cartilaginous Fibrous
38
Synovial Joint features
Capable of moving freely and typified by the presence of synovial fluid Cartilage covers the ends of the bones, allowing them to move smoothly over each other with the aid of synovial fluid
39
Cartilageneous
- Held together by cartilage - Movement is restricted Example: Ribs
40
Fibrous
- Develop with age - Tough fibres fuse bones together Example: Skull
41
Structure of a Synovial joint
Synovial Joint Is the whole Joint Synovial Fluid Lubricates the joint and reduces friction Synovial Membrane Produces and keeps synovial fluid inside the joint Synovial Capsule Surrounds the joint to prevent leakage Hyaline Cartilage Acts as a cushion, found on the end of long
42
What type of joint is a pivot joint?
A uniaxial joint that only allows rotation ## Footnote Examples include the atlas and axis vertebrae.
43
What is the primary movement allowed by a pivot joint?
Rotation of one bone around another
44
Which vertebrae are considered the top vertebrae?
Atlas and axis
45
What type of joint occurs where flat bones glide past one another?
Gliding joint
46
What type of movements are associated with gliding joints?
Gliding movements
47
Which bones are examples of gliding joints?
Carpals and tarsals
48
What characterizes a ball and socket joint?
Occurs where a rounded bone head articulates with a cup shaped cavity
49
What movements can a ball and socket joint perform?
* Flexion * Extension * Adduction * Abduction * Internal rotation * External rotation
50
Which joints are classified as ball and socket joints?
Shoulder and hip
51
What type of joint is a hinge joint?
A uniaxial joint
52
What movements are allowed by hinge joints?
* Flexion * Extension
53
Which joints are examples of hinge joints?
Knee and elbow
54
What describes a saddle joint?
Occurs where concave and convex bone surfaces align; generally biaxial
55
What movements are associated with saddle joints?
* Flexion * Extension * Adduction * Abduction * Circumduction
56
Which joint is an example of a saddle joint?
Carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb
57
What is unique about a condyloid joint compared to a hinge joint?
Allows slight rotation; hence is biaxial
58
What movements can condyloid joints perform?
* Flexion * Extension * Adduction * Abduction * Circumduction
59
Which joint is an example of a condyloid joint?
Wrist
60
What is the term for movement away from the midline of the body?
Abduction ## Footnote Abduction is a fundamental movement in anatomy and physiology, particularly relevant in describing limb movements.
61
What is the definition of movement about a central axis?
Rotation ## Footnote Rotation involves turning around a central point or axis, commonly observed in joint movements.
62
What is the term used for moving a limb so the end of the limb describes a circle?
Circumduction ## Footnote Circumduction is a complex movement that is commonly performed at joints like the shoulder and hip.
63
What does increasing the angle of a joint refer to?
Extension ## Footnote Extension is the opposite of flexion and is important in various physical activities.
64
What is the term for movement towards the midline of the body?
Adduction ## Footnote Adduction is crucial for movements that bring limbs closer to the body's center.
65
Fill in the blank: Movement of the foot so toes point towards knees is called _______.
Dorsiflexion ## Footnote Dorsiflexion is essential for actions like walking and running.
66
What is the term for the rotation of the foot so that the sole turns outwards?
Eversion ## Footnote Eversion is a movement that occurs at the subtalar joint and is key in maintaining balance.
67
What does decreasing the angle at the joint refer to?
Flexion ## Footnote Flexion is a common movement in many daily activities, such as bending the elbow or knee.
68
What is the term for the movement of the forearm so that the palm faces upwards?
Supination ## Footnote Supination is important in movements like holding a bowl or a cup.
69
What is the term for the rotation of the foot so that the sole turns inwards?
Inversion ## Footnote Inversion is a movement that helps in the stabilization of the foot during various activities.
70
Fill in the blank: Movement of the foot so that toes point towards the ground is called _______.
Plantarflexion ## Footnote Plantarflexion plays a significant role in activities such as standing on tiptoes.
71
What is the term for the movement of the forearm so that the palm faces downwards?
Pronation ## Footnote Pronation is a common movement used in various sports and daily activities.

Skeletal System (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions