Skeletal Systems 1 Flashcards
(276 cards)
1
Q
Where is the Cranial Cavity?
A
Top of the skull
2
Q
What is the Calvaria?
A
Top of the skull
3
Q
What does the Cranial base consist of?
A
The floor of the Cranial Cavity
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
(depression)
4
Q
Orbits are?
A
Eye sockets
5
Q
What is the nasal cavity?
A
3-D spaces
Opening of the nose
6
Q
What is the bony nasal septum?
A
Ridge in the middle of the cavity (divides the nose)
7
Q
Piriform aperture
A
2-D opening
Piriform- “pear-shaped”
8
Q
What is the hard palate?
A
Inferior, bottom of the skull (roof of the mouth)
Constructed from parts of the maxilla and palatine bone
9
Q
What is the Zygomatic arch?
A
Cheek of bone
Constructed from parts of the zygomatic and temporal bones
10
Q
What is the infratemporal fossa?
A
depression on the side of the hard palate
11
Q
What is the Coronal suture?
A
Crown of the skull
Structure
12
Q
What is lambdoidal?
A
Back of the skull
13
Q
What is the sagittal suture?
A
Middle of skull
The line between two bones
14
Q
What is the squamous suture?
A
Separates temporal/parietal bones
15
Q
What is the supraorbital margin?
A
The upper half of the orbits
Feature
16
Q
What is the Parietal bone?
A
2 sections of the skull on most superior side of the skull
17
Q
What is the External Occipital protuberance bone?
A
Bump on the skull
18
Q
What are the occipital condyles?
A
Occipital Bone
Feature
Bottom of the skull
Anterior to the foramen magnum
19
Q
What are Nuchal lines?
A
Occipital Bone
Feature
Back of the neck
20
Q
What is the mastoid process?
A
Temporal Bone
Projection
ledge pointing straight down (breast-shaped)
21
Q
What is the styloid process?
A
Temporal Bone
Thin-pocky stick
Projection
22
Q
What is the Zygomatic process?
A
Temporal Bone
Projection
Horizontal line, crease
23
Q
What is the Petrous portion?
A
Temporal Bone
Structure
Ridges, inside, back ridge
24
Q
What is the mandibular fossa?
A
Temporal Bone
Connects jaw
Depression
25
What is the crista, Galli?
Ethmoid Bone
Structure
Cockscomb
Ridge inside the head on top of the bone
26
What is the Cribriform of the Ethmoid bone?
Structure
Little holes
Tiny holes are for the olfactory nerves
27
What is the perpendicular Ethmoid plate of the ethmoid bone?
The inside nose on top of nasal cavity
Structure
28
What is the orbital of the ethmoid bone?
Structure
smooth plates which form the medial walls of the eye sockets
29
What are the superior and medial concahe?
Ethmoid Bone
Project into the nasal cavities
Superior (outer)
Middle (inner)
30
What is the greater wing of the Sphenoid bone?
In the middle cranial fossa and orbit
Top wings
31
What is the lesser wing?
Sphenoid bone (structure)
In the anterior cranial fossa
Little wings, under
32
What is the sella turcica?
Sphenoid bone
Square in middle
**The pituitary gland rests here**
33
What are the Pterygoid Processes?
Projections
legs of the butterfly
34
What are the medial and lateral plates?
Sphenoid bone
Structures
Lateral - outer walls
Medial - inner walls
35
What is the body of the mandible?
The single bone that makes up the lower jaw
36
What are dental alveoli?
Tooth sockets
37
What is the angle of the mandible?
Jawline
Where the ramus meets the body of the mandible on the outside border
38
What is the Ramus of the mandible?
Upward side, flat
Feature
39
What is the Coronoid Process?
The more anterior structure at the top of the jaw
Projection
40
What is the condylar process?
The more posterior structure at the top of the jaw
Head of the mandible or condylar process
41
What is the body of the maxilla?
Superior to the teeth and contains the maxillary sinus
42
What is the infraorbital margin?
Maxillae
The lower rim of the orbit
43
What is the palatine process?
Maxillae
Structure
Bottom of the skull
Forms the anterior portion of the hard palate (roof) of the mouth
44
What is the temporal process?
Projection
Zygomatic Bones (Cheekbones)
Arch of bone extending posteriorly from the zygomatic bone
45
What is the nasal bone?
Part of a broken nose
46
What is the horizontal plate?
Palatine bone
Structure
Forms posterior part of the hard palate
47
What is the perpendicular plate?
Palatine bone
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity (outer wall)
48
What is the opening for the nasolacrimal duct?
2-D space
Brings tears to your eyes
Medial opening for tear ducts
49
What is the Vomer?
Tip of the bony nasal septum
Structure
50
Mental foramen
Holes on the Chin or mandible
51
Optic canal
Most anterior holes in the skull
52
Superior orbital fissure
Superior holes inside the eye socket (Upper part of the boomerang shape)
53
Inferior orbital fissure
Inferior holes inside of the eye socket
54
External acoustic meatus
Hole of the ear canal
55
Cribriform foramina
Tiny holes in the cribriform plate
56
Foramen rotundum
anterior holes in the middle of the cranial fossa
57
Foramen ovale
Oval-shaped holes in the middle cranial fossa
58
Foramen spinosum
The smaller hole next to the foramen ovale
59
Foramen lacerum
Larger holes with jagged edges
60
Internal acoustic meatus
Ear canal, medial part of temporal bone
61
Jugular foramen
directly behind the internal acoustic meatus
62
hypoglossal canal
closets opening to the foramen magnum
63
Foramen magnum
Large opening in the middle of the skull
64
Opening of the carotid canal
The area around the carotid canal
65
Carotid Canal
Opens up into the cranial cavity via the foramen lacerum
66
Stylomastoid foramen
The hole located directly underneath the styloid process
67
Incisive fossa
Behind the incisor teeth (bottom skull)
68
Greater Palatine
Near the upper molar teeth (by the hard palate)
69
Mandibular foramen
Internal surface of the mandible
70
Paranasal sinuses
The name for air sinuses in the skull that connect to the nasal cavities via small openings and are lined by mucous membranes
71
Frontal Sinuses
Located in the frontal bone above the eyebrows
72
Maxillary Sinuses
The largest of the sinuses!
73
Ethmoid air cells
The space in the eye sockets next to the ethmoid bone
74
Mastoid fontanelle
Where the squamous and lambdoidal junction meet
75
Sphenoid fontanelle
Where the squamous and coronal junction meet
76
Anterior fontanelle
Where the coronal and sagittal junction meet
77
Posterior fontanelle
Where the sagittal and lambdoidal junction meet
78
Cervical Vertebrae
C1-C7 (Neck)
79
Thoracic Vertebrae
T1-T12 (articulate with ribs)
80
Lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5 (lower back)
81
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae at the base of the spine
82
Coccyx
Tailbone
83
Primary curvatures
These curvatures of the spine are present at birth
84
Secondary curvatures
These curvatures of the spine develop postnatally
85
Thoracic kyphosis
The curvature in the spine located in the mid-back region - is also a primary curvature
86
Sacral kyphosis
The curvature in the spine located in the lower back region - is also a primary curvature
87
Cervical lordosis
The curvature in the spine located in the upper back (neck area) - is also a secondary curvature
88
Lumbar lordosis
The curvature in the spine located in the lower back region - is also a secondary curvature
89
Vertebral canal
The space where the spinal cord passes through
90
Intervertebral foramen
The space between vertebrae where spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord (formed by the superior and inferior notches)
91
Body of vertebra
Solid flat surface of the vertebra
92
Vertebral Arch
Surrounds the vertebral foramen
93
Laminae of the vertebral arch
The roof of the vertebral arch
94
Pedicles of the vertebral arch
The wall of the vertebral arch
95
Spinous process
Single projection arising from the posterior aspect of the vertebral arch (nose of the giraffe)
96
Transverse processes
Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch (ears of the giraffe)
97
Superior articular processes
The facets for articulation with the vertebra above
98
Inferior articular processes
The facets for articulation with the vertebra below
99
Superior and inferior notches
Together these form the intervertebral foramen
100
Cervical Vertebrae
These vertebrae are known to have small bodies
101
Bifid spinous process
on cervical vertebrae C3-C5. Forked.
102
Transverse foramina
Allows for passage of the vertebral arteries
103
Atlas
The C1 vertebra that has no body
104
Superior articular surface
These articulate with the occipital condyles and are located on the atlas (C1) vertebrae
105
Inferior articular surface
Articulate with the axis, and are more pea shaped
106
Anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
These are the arches found on either side of the atlas
107
Axis
This is the C2 vertebrae
108
Dens of the axis
This is what the atlas sits upon and pivots on
109
Vertebra prominens
C7. This is the first spinous process that you can feel at the back of your neck
110
Facets of the thoracic vertebrae
These are smooth surfaces where bones connect (specifically ribs)
111
Anterior Sacral foramina
openings on the anterior side of the sacrum
112
Posterior sacral foramina
openings on the posterior side of the sacrum
113
Sacral promontory
Ridge on the anterior side of the sacrum
114
Sacral Canal
Opening on the top of the sacrum
115
Sacral hiatus
inferior opening of the sacral canal
116
Sternum
Chestbone
117
Xiphoid process of the sternum
The small portion on the bottom of the sternum
118
Suprasternal notch (jugular)
Hollow U-shaped depression just above the sternum, in between the clavicles
119
Sternal angle
Horizontal ridge across front of sternum
120
Costa
rib
121
True ribs
ribs 1-7, attach directly to sternum
122
False ribs
Ribs 8-12 do not directly attach to the sternum. Some connect to other costal cartilages while others do not connect to the sternum at all.
123
Floating ribs
Ribs 11-12, do not attach to the sternum
124
Head of the rib
Articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebral body.
125
The neck of the rib
Between head and tubercle of the rib
126
Body of the rib
The main part of the rib
127
Tubercle of the rib
Attaches to facets of transverse processes
128
Angle of the rib
The weakest part of the rob that is most susceptible to fracture
129
The costal groove of the rib
The dark depression on the inside of the rib that protects vessels and nerves
130
Costal cartilages of the rib
Made of hyaline cartilage, and connects the ribs to the sternum
131
Superior thoracic aperture
The top opening of the rib cage
132
Inferior thoracic aperture
The bottom opening of the rib cage
133
Thoracic cavity
This space contains heart and lungs
134
Intercostal space
The space between ribs
135
Costal margins
The "M" shape in the front of the ribs at the bottom.
136
The hyoid bone
The U-shaped bone in the neck supports the tongue.
137
Greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone
This structure of the hyoid bone is for the tongue and neck muscle attachments
138
139
Top of the skull
Where is the Cranial Cavity?
140
Top of the skull
What is the Calvaria?
141
The floor of the Cranial Cavity
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
(depression)
What does the Cranial base consist of?
142
Eye sockets
Orbits are?
143
3-D spaces
Opening of the nose
What is the nasal cavity?
144
Ridge in the middle of the cavity (divides the nose)
What is the bony nasal septum?
145
2-D opening
Piriform- "pear-shaped"
Piriform aperture
146
Inferior, bottom of the skull (roof of the mouth)
Constructed from parts of the maxilla and palatine bone
What is the hard palate?
147
Cheek of bone
Constructed from parts of the zygomatic and temporal bones
What is the Zygomatic arch?
148
depression on the side of the hard palate
What is the infratemporal fossa?
149
Crown of the skull
Structure
What is the Coronal suture?
150
Back of the skull
What is lambdoidal?
151
Middle of skull
The line between two bones
What is the sagittal suture?
152
Separates temporal/parietal bones
What is the squamous suture?
153
The upper half of the orbits
## Footnote
*Feature*
What is the supraorbital margin?
154
2 sections of the skull on most superior side of the skull
What is the Parietal bone?
155
Bump on the skull
What is the External Occipital protuberance bone?
156
Occipital Bone
Feature
Bottom of the skull
Anterior to the foramen magnum
What are the occipital condyles?
157
Occipital Bone
Feature
Back of the neck
What are Nuchal lines?
158
Temporal Bone
Projection
ledge pointing straight down (breast-shaped)
What is the mastoid process?
159
Temporal Bone
Thin-pocky stick
Projection
What is the styloid process?
160
Temporal Bone
Projection
Horizontal line, crease
What is the Zygomatic process?
161
Temporal Bone
Structure
Ridges, inside, back ridge
What is the Petrous portion?
162
Temporal Bone
Connects jaw
Depression
What is the mandibular fossa?
163
Ethmoid Bone
Structure
Cockscomb
Ridge inside the head on top of the bone
What is the crista, Galli?
164
Structure
Little holes
Tiny holes are for the olfactory nerves
What is the Cribriform of the Ethmoid bone?
165
The inside nose on top of nasal cavity
Structure
What is the perpendicular Ethmoid plate of the ethmoid bone?
166
Structure
smooth plates which form the medial walls of the eye sockets
What is the orbital of the ethmoid bone?
167
Ethmoid Bone
Project into the nasal cavities
Superior (outer)
Middle (inner)
What are the superior and medial concahe?
168
In the middle cranial fossa and orbit
Top wings
What is the greater wing of the Sphenoid bone?
169
Sphenoid bone (structure)
In the anterior cranial fossa
Little wings, under
What is the lesser wing?
170
Sphenoid bone
Square in middle
**The pituitary gland rests here**
What is the sella turcica?
171
Projections
legs of the butterfly
What are the Pterygoid Processes?
172
Sphenoid bone
Structures
Lateral - outer walls
Medial - inner walls
What are the medial and lateral plates?
173
The single bone that makes up the lower jaw
What is the body of the mandible?
174
Tooth sockets
What are dental alveoli?
175
Jawline
Where the ramus meets the body of the mandible on the outside border
What is the angle of the mandible?
176
Upward side, flat
Feature
What is the Ramus of the mandible?
177
The more anterior structure at the top of the jaw
Projection
What is the Coronoid Process?
178
The more posterior structure at the top of the jaw
Head of the mandible or condylar process
What is the condylar process?
179
Superior to the teeth and contains the maxillary sinus
What is the body of the maxilla?
180
Maxillae
The lower rim of the orbit
What is the infraorbital margin?
181
Maxillae
Structure
Bottom of the skull
Forms the anterior portion of the hard palate (roof) of the mouth
What is the palatine process?
182
Projection
Zygomatic Bones (Cheekbones)
Arch of bone extending posteriorly from the zygomatic bone
What is the temporal process?
183
Part of a broken nose
What is the nasal bone?
184
Palatine bone
Structure
Forms posterior part of the hard palate
What is the horizontal plate?
185
Palatine bone
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity (outer wall)
What is the perpendicular plate?
186
2-D space
Brings tears to your eyes
Medial opening for tear ducts
What is the opening for the nasolacrimal duct?
187
Tip of the bony nasal septum
Structure
What is the Vomer?
188
Holes on the Chin or mandible
Mental foramen
189
Most anterior holes in the skull
Optic canal
190
Superior holes inside the eye socket (Upper part of the boomerang shape)
Superior orbital fissure
191
Inferior holes inside of the eye socket
Inferior orbital fissure
192
Hole of the ear canal
External acoustic meatus
193
Tiny holes in the cribriform plate
Cribriform foramina
194
anterior holes in the middle of the cranial fossa
Foramen rotundum
195
Oval-shaped holes in the middle cranial fossa
Foramen ovale
196
The smaller hole next to the foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
197
Larger holes with jagged edges
Foramen lacerum
198
Ear canal, medial part of temporal bone
Internal acoustic meatus
199
directly behind the internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
200
closets opening to the foramen magnum
hypoglossal canal
201
Large opening in the middle of the skull
Foramen magnum
202
The area around the carotid canal
Opening of the carotid canal
203
Opens up into the cranial cavity via the foramen lacerum
Carotid Canal
204
The hole located directly underneath the styloid process
Stylomastoid foramen
205
Behind the incisor teeth (bottom skull)
Incisive fossa
206
Near the upper molar teeth (by the hard palate)
Greater Palatine
207
Internal surface of the mandible
Mandibular foramen
208
The name for air sinuses in the skull that connect to the nasal cavities via small openings and are lined by mucous membranes
Paranasal sinuses
209
Located in the frontal bone above the eyebrows
Frontal Sinuses
210
The largest of the sinuses!
Maxillary Sinuses
211
The space in the eye sockets next to the ethmoid bone
Ethmoid air cells
212
Where the squamous and lambdoidal junction meet
Mastoid fontanelle
213
Where the squamous and coronal junction meet
Sphenoid fontanelle
214
Where the coronal and sagittal junction meet
Anterior fontanelle
215
Where the sagittal and lambdoidal junction meet
Posterior fontanelle
216
C1-C7 (Neck)
Cervical Vertebrae
217
T1-T12 (articulate with ribs)
Thoracic Vertebrae
218
L1-L5 (lower back)
Lumbar vertebrae
219
5 fused vertebrae at the base of the spine
Sacrum
220
Tailbone
Coccyx
221
These curvatures of the spine are present at birth
Primary curvatures
222
These curvatures of the spine develop postnatally
Secondary curvatures
223
The curvature in the spine located in the mid-back region - is also a primary curvature
Thoracic kyphosis
224
The curvature in the spine located in the lower back region - is also a primary curvature
Sacral kyphosis
225
The curvature in the spine located in the upper back (neck area) - is also a secondary curvature
Cervical lordosis
226
The curvature in the spine located in the lower back region - is also a secondary curvature
Lumbar lordosis
227
The space where the spinal cord passes through
Vertebral canal
228
The space between vertebrae where spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord (formed by the superior and inferior notches)
Intervertebral foramen
229
Solid flat surface of the vertebra
Body of vertebra
230
Surrounds the vertebral foramen
Vertebral Arch
231
The roof of the vertebral arch
Laminae of the vertebral arch
232
The wall of the vertebral arch
Pedicles of the vertebral arch
233
Single projection arising from the posterior aspect of the vertebral arch (nose of the giraffe)
Spinous process
234
Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch (ears of the giraffe)
Transverse processes
235
The facets for articulation with the vertebra above
Superior articular processes
236
The facets for articulation with the vertebra below
Inferior articular processes
237
Together these form the intervertebral foramen
Superior and inferior notches
238
These vertebrae are known to have small bodies
Cervical Vertebrae
239
on cervical vertebrae C3-C5. Forked.
Bifid spinous process
240
Allows for passage of the vertebral arteries
Transverse foramina
241
The C1 vertebra that has no body
Atlas
242
These articulate with the occipital condyles and are located on the atlas (C1) vertebrae
Superior articular surface
243
Articulate with the axis, and are more pea shaped
Inferior articular surface
244
These are the arches found on either side of the atlas
Anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
245
This is the C2 vertebrae
Axis
246
This is what the atlas sits upon and pivots on
Dens of the axis
247
C7. This is the first spinous process that you can feel at the back of your neck
Vertebra prominens
248
These are smooth surfaces where bones connect (specifically ribs)
Facets of the thoracic vertebrae
249
openings on the anterior side of the sacrum
Anterior Sacral foramina
250
openings on the posterior side of the sacrum
Posterior sacral foramina
251
Ridge on the anterior side of the sacrum
Sacral promontory
252
Opening on the top of the sacrum
Sacral Canal
253
inferior opening of the sacral canal
Sacral hiatus
254
Chestbone
Sternum
255
The small portion on the bottom of the sternum
Xiphoid process of the sternum
256
Hollow U-shaped depression just above the sternum, in between the clavicles
Suprasternal notch (jugular)
257
Horizontal ridge across front of sternum
Sternal angle
258
rib
Costa
259
ribs 1-7, attach directly to sternum
True ribs
260
Ribs 8-12 do not directly attach to the sternum. Some connect to other costal cartilages while others do not connect to the sternum at all.
False ribs
261
Ribs 11-12, do not attach to the sternum
Floating ribs
262
Articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebral body.
Head of the rib
263
Between head and tubercle of the rib
The neck of the rib
264
The main part of the rib
Body of the rib
265
Attaches to facets of transverse processes
Tubercle of the rib
266
The weakest part of the rob that is most susceptible to fracture
Angle of the rib
267
The dark depression on the inside of the rib that protects vessels and nerves
The costal groove of the rib
268
Made of hyaline cartilage, and connects the ribs to the sternum
Costal cartilages of the rib
269
The top opening of the rib cage
Superior thoracic aperture
270
The bottom opening of the rib cage
Inferior thoracic aperture
271
This space contains heart and lungs
Thoracic cavity
272
The space between ribs
Intercostal space
273
The "M" shape in the front of the ribs at the bottom.
Costal margins
274
The U-shaped bone in the neck supports the tongue.
The hyoid bone
275
This structure of the hyoid bone is for the tongue and neck muscle attachments
Greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone
276
