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Med Term > Skeletal Test pt 2 > Flashcards

Skeletal Test pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Comminuted fx

A

2+ fragments
Common in older peoples bones that are brittle/Osteoporosis
High Velocity Trauma

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2
Q

Compression fx

A

Bone is crushed
Common for Osteoporosis bones
Gravity/ body weight
Minor forces
Spinal vertabrae

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3
Q

Depressed fx

A

The broken bone portion is pressed inward
Skull (causes brain damage)

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4
Q

Impacted fx

A

Broken bone ends are forced into each other
Someone attempts to break a fall with their out-stretched arms
Colles Fracture- broken radius (elderly)

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5
Q

Spiral fx

A

Twisting forces are applied to a bone
Sports fractures
Common is tibula and fibula

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6
Q

Compound fx

A

Open
This is when the bone ruptures through the skin completely
Worried about Osteomyletis

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7
Q

Stress fx

A

Microfractures in a bone that occurs with repeating forces
Common in runners and dancers
Chronic (repetitive)
excessive impact

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8
Q

Greenstick

A

Bone breaks incompletely
Common in Children whose bones are more flexible than adults
absorb shock

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9
Q

Orthopedic fx

A

Callus
Over collection of bone
The bone wont fracture in the same place it already fratured because of how well the bone heals
OSTEOPOROSIS DOESNT HEAL WELL

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10
Q

Pathologic fx

A

When the bone “breaks” due to an underlying disease that weakens the bone
Osteoporosis
Compression fx
Colles fx
Osteosarcoma- malignant tumor of the bone (destroys neighboring tissue)

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11
Q

Closed Reduction (relocate/realign)

A

Bones are gently coaxed into position by physicians hands
No surgery

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12
Q

Open Reduction

A

Bones are realigned with instruments or by hand during surgery
Surgery

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13
Q

Manipulation (closed reduction)

A

attempt to realign the bone involved or joint dislocation by hand

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14
Q

Traction

A

The external force exerted on a limb in a distal (axial)direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment
Pull on foot

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15
Q

External Fixation

A

fx treatment procedure in which hardware/screws are placed through the skin and into the bone so that the external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place while healing
Not easy to walk around
Halo- treats cervical spine fractures

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16
Q

Internal Fixation (open reduction internal fixation ORIF)

A

Fx treatment procedure in which skrews or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place
Skrew and Pin
In bone forever, most fractures are treated this way

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17
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Visual examination of the joint; arthroscopic surgery is minimally invasive (3 incisions in the knee)
Canula
Arthroscopic
Arthroscope
If pt needs surgery
Shave rough cartilage to look for it
Can see everything
Reduce Nosocomial infection
Fast heal time

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18
Q

Halo

A

External Fixation
treats cervical spine fractures

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19
Q

Canula

A

Arthroscopy incision
Outside of the synovial fluid capsule blows away tissue and fat to make it easier to see

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20
Q

Arthroscope

A

Arthroscopy
Camera and Light source

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21
Q

Arthroscopic

A

Arthroscopy
Surgical Instrument

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22
Q

Bone Density Test

A

Xray of the hip bone to determine if pt has osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteomalicia

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23
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration

A

Using a needle and syringe to extract liquid from the marrow for transplantation or diagnostic testing
Pelivis easier to harvest bone marrow

24
Q

Computerized Tomography (CT)

A

High powered x-ray machine
30 minutes
Radiation High
Closer and more detail
Soft tissue, swelling, fluid

25
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Image is produced using magnets
High powered
Very expensive
see everything
NO RADIATION
Lots to fail to get an MRI ordered
Align water molecules in your body to face one direction
45- 1:30 minutes
claustrophobic

26
Q

X-ray

A

Cheap
Fast
easy images with minimal radiation

27
Q

Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

A

Blood test to detect RA
(look for autoimmune)

28
Q

Bone Scan

A

Nuclear Medical Imaging (NMI)
filter throughout your body
Take a picture of where the nuclear isotope or dye was absorbed
Dye is absorbed where there is metabolically active areas

29
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Removal of fluid in a joint due to injury and swelling

30
Q

Bone Grafting

A

transplanting bone from one bone to a joint usually in the same pt

31
Q

Bursectomy

A

Surgical removal of the bursa
Reduce friction between a ligament and bone
When the bursa is inflamed and won’t stop being inflamed

32
Q

Lumbar puncture “Spinal Tap”

A

Aspirate spinal fluid Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Stick a needle and look for infection

33
Q

Diskectomy

A

Surgical removal of the intervertebral disk
Fibrocartilage outside
Jelly donut inside
Inflammation on the disk
ruptures the disk and the nerves stick out
Diese- purposeful, surgical fusion of the bone
18 months heal
Put a spacer and put in bone chips

34
Q

Spondylosyndesis

A

Surgical fusion of a joint

35
Q

Tenotomy

A

Surgical incision of the tendon

36
Q

Ligament

A

attaches bone to bone

37
Q

Analegesic

A

Pain reliever

38
Q

Anti- Inflammatory

A

Steroid and non Steroid is Rx only
Corticosteroids inject directly or orally

39
Q

Antipyretic

A

Fever reducer

40
Q

Narcotic

A

a drug that relieves pain and induces sleep by depressing the nervous system ex:opiod

41
Q

Non-steriodal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

A

Advil,tylenol,aleeve (OTC)
damage to liver
life threatening
always with food

42
Q

immunosuppressants

A

used for autoimmune conditions by interrupting inflammation

43
Q

Ankylosis

A

A stiff joint caused by adehision or ABN fusion of two bones into 1
Caused by: trauma, scaring caused by autoimmune
ex: ankylosis spondylitis

44
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Cartilage degen. caused by inflamed synovial fluid resulting from injury to a joint made worse by increased forces
cells become inflamed and dissolve/ eat away at the cartilage (where there is more force)
Caused by: sports, muscle inequalities, weight barring activities, trauma (fast or micro)
Ex: ACL tear
Outcome: joint replacement; DJD metal joint replacement where is the cartilage has been eaten away
Treated by: orthopedics, pt, chiro
Synovial capsule where the synovial fluid is held

45
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

The patient’s own immune system is causing inflammation in joint. will go for anything
Destroys all joints
Loves the METACARPLE
Rheumatologist
Cartilage then the bone

46
Q

Gout

A

Autoimmune arthritis in which URIC ACID crystals are deposited in the joint
Caused by: inflamed synovial fluid and uric crystals
scrapes the cartilage anytime you add force
permanent damage to the joint
OA and Gout at the same time
loves the TOE

47
Q

Kyphosis

A

accentuated THORACIC curve
Caused by: Trauma
ex: stepping off a curb creates a fulcrum that creates a kyphotic curve
Common if they already have osteoporosis

48
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Lack of phosphorus and Calcium in the bones
Chronic loss of bone density no size
brittle
Slowly over time
Tx- Meds, Exercise, Diet (lots of calcium)
Can lead to death because actions start adding up

49
Q

Lordosis

A

exaggerated lumbar curve or sway back
Congenital- Born with it
Abn forward curve
This can lead to OA

50
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

infection of the bone and bone marrow
Caused by: infection (post-op) or something could cause a large slice (glass)
Infection in the suture
Infection down in the skin
Occurs when the bone is really close to the skin
If the infection gets to your blood supply the area will need to be amputated if an area is not able to be amputated disease is terminal

51
Q

Myeloma

A

Malignant tumor in the bone marrow

52
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of the bone
Destroys neighboring tissue

53
Q

Osteoaliga

A

Bone pain

54
Q

Subluxation

A

Malagnment of a joint what chiropractors adjust
Tiny minor dislocation
Luxation- when a bone pops out of the synovial joint usually happens during trauma

55
Q

Dislocation

A

When a bone pops out of the synovial joint
Usually happens during trauma
ligament is ruptured
Fibrocartilage wont repair never goes back to normal

56
Q

Scoliosis

A

Exaggerated or any lateral thoracic and lumbar spine
More common in females
idiopathic
you have a chance of getting it if someone in your family has it
tends to happen when the pt is skeletally immature (less than 18)
Adams forward bend test to identify scoliosis
really pronounced angles can affect the heart and lungs
Tx: Harrington rod surgery
you can get rid of scoliosis
10-14 years old peak of scoliosis curve
caused by: inflammation and wear and tear
brace isn’t proven to help

Med Term (5 decks)

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