Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

Definition of Osteon

Answer 1

Repeating structural unit of compact bone

Question 2

Concentric Lamellae

Answer 2

Circular pattern of hardened matrix around a central canal

Question 3

Interstitial Lamellae

Answer 3

Hardened matrix between osteons

Question 4

Haversian/Central Canal

Answer 4

Center of osteon w/ blood vessels

Question 5

Volkman’s Canal

Answer 5

Connects Haversian Canal

Question 6

Osteocyte

Answer 6

Bone cell

Question 7

Lacuna

Answer 7

Small space between lamellae where osteocytes are walled in

Question 8

Canaliculi

Answer 8

Small channels where osteocytes have extended processes to interconnect themselves. Exchange of nutrient gas

Question 9

Spongy Bone

Answer 9

Arranged with trabeculae with spaces or cavities between

Question 10

Bone Development (A)

Answer 10

Starts with osteoblasts and chondroblasts that arise from mesenchymal cells

Question 11

Bone Development (B)

Answer 11

Intramembraneous
-starts from mesenchymal cells in fibrous membranes in the embryo
- (skull bones, mandible, and clavicles)

Question 12

Bone Development (C)

Answer 12

Endochondral
-bones form from cartilage
-most bones of the body

Question 13

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 13

A zone of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a bone
Permits the bone to increase in length until early adulthood

Question 14

Appositional Growth

Answer 14

Growth in thickness of a bone

Question 15

Minerals Affecting Bone Growth

Answer 15

Calcium and Phosphorus intake

Question 16

Vitamins Affecting Bone Growth (C)

Answer 16

Collagen Synthesis

Question 17

Vitamins Affecting Bone Growth (K & B12)

Answer 17

Making Bone Proteins

Question 18

Vitamins Affecting Bone Growth (A)

Answer 18

Stimulate Osteoblasts

Question 19

Vitamins Affecting Bone Growth (D)

Answer 19

Increases absorption of Ca from food

Question 20

Hormone Affecting Bone Growth (HGH)

Answer 20

Increases IGF (insulin-like growth factors) promote osteoblast activity and protein making

Question 21

Hormone Affecting Bone Growth (T3 & T4)

Answer 21

Thyroid - stimulates osteoblasts

Question 22

Hormone Affecting Bone Growth (Parathyroid Hormone - PTH)

Answer 22

Parathyroid Gland
- pulls Ca from bones into blood
-cause kidneys to retain Ca into blood

Question 23

Hormone Affecting Bone Growth (Calcitonin - CT)

Answer 23

Thyroid Gland
-pulls Ca from blood into bones

Question 24

Hormone Affecting Bone Growth (Sex Hormones - estrogen & testosterone)

Answer 24

Increases osteoblast activity and protein making

Question 25

Bone Remodeling is

Answer 25

Ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

Question 26

Old bone is

Answer 26

Constantly destroyed by osteoclasts

Question 27

New Bone is

Answer 27

Constructed by osteoblasts

Question 28

Effects of aging

Answer 28

Loss of calcium and other minerals from bone matrix (demineralization), which may result in osteoporosis

Question 29

Within limits, bone has the ability to alter its strength in response to mechanical stress by

Answer 29

Increasing deposition of mineral salts and production of collagen fibers

Question 30

Removal of mechanical stress weakens bone through

Answer 30

Demineralization (loss of bone minerals) and collagen reduction