Skeleton Flashcards
What is Compact Bone
Dense bone filled with osteons.
Resists Compression
Outer, smooth layer that we see.
Spongy Bone
Honeycomb structure of needle like structures. Spaces are also known as trabeculae and are filled with yellow or red bone marrow
What is the mesh of bony spine called
Trabeculae
What makes up the axial skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage(thoracic cavity)
What’s the appendicular skeleton
Bones of limbs and girdles. ( Shoulder bones and hip bones) Movement and manipulation of environment
What’s a long bone and example
Longer than is wide usually limb bones like a femur or phalanges (even if small they are long).
What’s a short bone/ example
Roughly cubed shape. Ex: Tarsal and Carpal.
Sesamoid Bone
Type of short bone formed in tendons. Can alter direction or suppress friction/modify pressure.
Flat bone and example
Thin, flattened bone like sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most cranial bones.
Irregular Bones and example
Complicated shapes that don’t match other classes. Like vertebrae and coxal bones.
Appositional Growth
New matrix against previous matrix Cartilage and bone grow this way.
Interstitial Growth
Chondrocytes replicate and create new matrix from within. Only happens with cartilage.
Hematopoietic Tissue and where it’s found
Tissue that makes blood cells
Infant: red bone marrow in medullary cavity and spongy bone
Adults: Cavities between trabeculae in sternum flat bones, hip bones vertebrae, and heads of femur and humerus
Osteoprogenitor Cell
Stem cells - differentiate into osteoblasts,cytes, and class ( flattened squamous cells)
Osteoblast
Synthesizes bone matrix and helps bone grow secrete ground collagen
Osteocyte
Maintains bone matrix. Is a mature bone cell
Osteoclast
Bone resorption same WBC as macrophage
Osteon
Found in compact bone and is the tunnel where nerves, and blood vessels run through.
Lamella
Matrix tube around osteon, helps withstand torsional stresses.
Circumferential lamellae
Extend around the diaphysis. Lamellae around the whole bone.
Lacunae
Spaces where osteocytes occupy
Canaliculi
Thin crack like canals that connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal (osteon)
Hydroxyapatites
Mineral salts, mostly calcium phosphates
Why bones are left when someone dies (takes longer to decompose)
Ossification/ Osteogenesis
Bone tissue formation. Plays a role in skeletal development in embryos and bone growth later. Also for remodeling and repair
