skeleton 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
explain the appendicular skeleton
- bones of the limbs and their girdle
- pectoral girdle attaches the uppper limb to the body trunk
- pelvic girdle secrues the lower limbs
what is the PECTORAL GIRDLE
is the shoulder girdle
Clavicles- collar bone
- Scapulae- shoulder blade
- Attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
- Provide attachment sites for muscles that move the
upper limbs - Act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out
laterally
3
what does the pelvic girdle
Formed by 2 hip bones
* Together with the sacrum and the coccyx they
form the bony pelvis
* Attach the lower limbs to the axial
skeleton with strong ligaments
* Transmit weight of upper body to
lower limbs
* Support pelvic organ
what is the acetabulum
- Large socket where the ilium, ischium, and the
pubis fuse - Receives the head of the femur
what does the lower limb do
Carries the weight of the
body
* Subjected to exceptional
forces
* Three segments of the lower
limb
* Thigh: femur
* Leg: tibia and fibula
* Foot: 7 tarsal bones in the
ankle, 5 metatarsal bones in
the metatarsus, and 14
phalanges in the toes
what is ossification
Ossification is the process of bone
formation
what is the osteoblast
Osteoblasts, specialized growth cells, produce bone
and deposit it in layers
what is the osteocytes
Osteocytes are mature static bone cells trapped in the bones tissue within Osteons
what are the osteoclasts
Osteoclasts actively break down and remodel bone as
required for growth
what are the types of bones fractures
-Simple
* Compound
* Greenstick
* Comminuted
* Impacted
* Stress
define fracture
is to break
how are fracture treated
- ther are treated bu close and open reduction
what is closed reduction
is when the bone ends are put back into position by hand
what is open reduction
when bones are put back by a surgical method
Pins, plates, and wires are used
- Healing time depends but is usually 6-8 weeks
what are tehe stage of the healing of the bone
inflamation, soft callus, hard callus, and last remodeling
define inflammation stage
ematoma (bruise)
* Blood filled swelling.
explain the soft callus stages
Fibrocartilage Callus
* Tissue repair, growth of new capillaries and mass re-growth of new tissue
explain the hard callus stages
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts come in
and the fibrocartilage is replaced by a bony callus made of spongy bone
what happen in the remodeling stage.
A strong permanent patch forms over the bony callus
define the joints
Joints
* Every bone (except hyoid) forms a joint with at least one other bone in the body
what is articulation
site where two or more bones meet
what are the function of the joint
- Give skeleton mobility- knee joints, vertebral discs
- Hold skeleton together- skull sutures
what are fibrous joints
- Immovable
- Bones united by fibrous
tissue - Sutures in the skull
what are facet joint
Flexible
* Loose connective tissue between facets of spine.
