Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio > Skeleton > Flashcards

Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

The different types of skeletons are?

A

Hydrostatic skeleton
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton

A

(Water)
Consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body.
Found in soft oldies invertebrates

E.g. Annelids, Cnidaria, nematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exoskeleton

A

(Outside) (crunchy)
External skeleton - supports and protects an animals body

E.g. Arthropoda (invertebrate with exoskeleton)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Endoskeleton

A

(Internal skeleton)
On inside of the animals body and is made of bone and/ or cartilage.

E.g. Vertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Two main groups

A

Vertebrates

2) invertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone cells
Not mature vs mature
(Osteoblasts vs osteocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the skeletal system consist of

A

Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments & tendons
Joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ligaments vs tendons

A 
- Ligaments
Join bone to bone
Have collagen and elastic fibre 
Strong, resilient
Bones held in place while allowing movement

-tendons
Joins muscle to bone
Made of collagen fibre which from white fibrous tissue
Strong and in elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Joints

A

Junctions between skeletal components which most permit movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A 
Support
Locomotion
Protection
Mineral storage
Production of red blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(Functions)

Support

A

Enabling the body to stay upright & keep its shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(Functions)

Locomotion

A

(Movement)

By the muscles attached to the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(Functions)

Protection

A

For the internal organs and tissues of the body such as the heart, lung, and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Functions)

Mineral storage

A

Calcium and phosphates form part of bones and are stored in them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(Functions)

Production of red blood cells

A

Formed in the red marrow of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classification of bones

Types of bones

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Long bone

A

Made up of a shaft (diaphysis)
And two heads (epiphysis)

E.g.
Femur, Humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Short bone

A

Cube shaped bones
Mostly spongy bone except on surface - thin layer of compact bone

E.g. Carpals of wrist
Tarsals of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flat bone

A

Thing, flattened, slightly curved
2 parallel layers of compact bone - layer of spongy bone between

E.g. Cranial bones
Sternum
Ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Irregular bones

A

Complicated shapes
Made of a spongy bone with layer of compact bone on outside

E.g. Vertebrae
Hip bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many types of bone fractures are there

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Definition:

What is a clean fracture called

A

Complete fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is another term for open fracture?

What does it mean

A

Compound fracture,
When it goes through skin
More than one bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a green stick fracture?

A

Not broken all the way through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What type of fracture is it when the bone if fragmented into many pieces
Comminuted fracture
26
Human skeleton divided into two parts called what? | What does each involve
Axial, skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs | Appendicular, pelvic and pectoral girdle,upper limb, lower limbs
27
What does the axial skeleton form
Long axis of the body
28
The skull has how many bones, where are they formed
23 8- cranium 14 facial bones 1 complex bone - mandible
29
How do sutures strengthen the skull
Fit better together like a puzzle rather than just straight
30
What is the for annum magnum? Where is it
Opening at base of the skull which allows connection btw brain and spinal cord Brain stem comes out First vertebra
31
How does the location of the fora mum magnum different for people and animals
Close to the jaw- upright walking | Far from jaw - animals
32
Name the bones of the skull
``` Temporal bone Zygomatic bone/ arch Mandible Maxilla Nasal bone Frontal bone ```
33
What are fontanelles
Membrane filled spaces between the bones of the cranium in an infant Should be replaced by bone after two years (Allows size of brain to grow rapidly) Cranial bones
34
What are sutures
The immovable fibrous joints btw the cranial bones | Dove tailed together
35
What is the function of the cranium
Protection of the brain; Protects sense organs of smell sight hearing Provides attachment for the muscles of the head
36
What is the vertebral column
Also called backbone Extends from base of skull to pelvic girdle Made up of vertebrae (irregular bones) Which protects the spinal cord INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS btw vertebrae, made of cartilage
37
What are the functions of the intervertebral disks
1) provide cushioning and reduce stress Separate vertebrae 2) act as shock absorbers during running/ walking 3) allow spine to flex/ extend/ bend 4) protect nerves
38
What is known as the atlas and axis
The first two vertebrae of vertebral column
39
First vertebrae is ___ , what does it allow
Atlas, when skull articulates with it, it allows the NODDING movement of head in all directions
40
Where does the axis lie and what does it allow
Lies below atlas, | Which allows the pivoting movement of head (SHAKING)
41
Which allows nodding and which allows shaking (pivoting) and how does its position allow it
Atlas- first. Allows nodding | Axis- below atlas which allows shaking
42
Differentiate between the atlas and axis visually
The axis has a pointy thing at top which will fit into axis
43
What are the functions of the vertebral column
1) support the head 2) protect the spinal cord 3) point of attachment for ribs 4) allows spinal nerves to pass through openings between vertebrae 5) point of attachment for muscles of the back 6) s - shapes, absorbs shock and AIDS in balancing
44
How does the vertebral columns shape aid in its function
The s-shape absorbs shock and AIDS balance
45
What are examples of spinal injuries?
A slipped disk | Paralysis
46
Describe a slipped disk
A painful condition When the disk is out under a lot of pressure, outer cartilage ruptures, causing inner center to bulge out This bulge can press on spinal cord/ spinal nerves may cause numbness in limbs
47
Paralysis
Spinal injury If an injury causes crushing/ dislocates vertebrae and damages the spinal cord, may result in paralysis When the nerves are damaged and the muscles are no longer stimulated (If spinal cord damaged in neck region, whole body could be paralyzed - QUADRIPLEGIC ) If spinal cord damaged in lumbar region, legs may be paralyzed PARAPLEGIC
48
What is it called when nerves are damaged and the muscles are no longer stumlated
Paralyzed
49
What does it mean to be quadriplegic
If the spinal cord has been damaged in the neck region and the whole body is paralyzed
50
If the spinal cord has been damaged in the lumbar region and the legs have been paralyzed?
Paraplegic
51
What does thorax refer to
(Rib cage and sternum) | Refers to whole chest, sternum, ribcage, thoracic vertebrae
52
How many pairs of ribs are there? | And what are they divided into
12 7 pairs of true ribs- ribs attached to sternum 3 pairs of false ribs- attached to cartilage nor sternum, attached to rib above 2 pairs of floating ribs (not attached to anything)
53
What do the head and tubercle articulate with
Head- articulates with body of THORACIC VERTERBRA Tubercle- articulates with transverse process of the vertebra Tubercle is part of rib
54
What are the functions of the rib cage?
1) protects the vital organs and thoracic cavity (hollow space in thoracic region) 2) supports the shoulder girdle and arms 3) provides attachment points for muscles of back, shoulder, chest 4) AIDS in breathing
55
What is found between the ribs?
Intercostal muscle
56
Hat are the three main areas we refer to in the axial skeleton
1) skull 2) vertebral column 3) rib cage and sternum
57
What do we refer to when we say the appendicular skeleton
Two girdles and their associated limbs
58
How many bones are there in the arm (pectoral girdle and upper limb)
10 bones and two joints
59
What two joints are in the pectoral girdle and upper limb
Ball and socket joint | Elbow joint- hinge
60
What is the glenoid cavity
Cavity the humerus fits in
61
What does the clavicle attach to
Sternum
62
Functions of the pectoral girdle
1) attachment of upper limbs to axial skeleton 2) attachment point for many muscles that move the limbs 3) light and allow free movement of limbs
63
We refer the upper limb with which girdle
Pectoral girdle
64
Pelvic girdle is associated with which limb
Lower limb
65
Functions of the pelvic girdle
1) attaches lower limbs to axial skeleton 2) transmits weight of upper body to lower limbs 3) supports and protects organs in pelvic area 4) provides an attachment area for muscles that move the lower limbs
66
Term for part of the skeleton made up of skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
Axial
67
Part of skull which contains and protects the brain
Cranium
68
The name given to second vertebra in humans
Axis
69
Explain two advantages of the vertebral column being made up of separate vertebrae rather than one continuous structure
Allows spinal nerves to pass through openings btw vertebrae, | Allows for greater mobility
70
Differentiate btw true and false ribs
True ribs connected to sternum | False ribs connected by cartilage
71
Differentiate btw make and female pelvic girdles
Males have a narrow, long sacrum | Females have a broader pubic arch, >90, wider pelvic outlet
72
How many bones in pelvic girdle
12 and two joints
73
What are diseases of the skeletal system
Rickets | Osteoporosis
74
Explain rickets
Caused by a lack of vitamin d which is needed for absorption of calcium from the gut If calcium salts are not deposited in bone, it will become softer and weaker Body's inability to absorb calcium salts Bones are soft, weak, unable to support the body
75
Affecting the developing skeletal system of children and young animals, deformities and stunting in growth are symptoms of
Rickets

Bio (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions