Skeletons and Joints Flashcards
What is an axial and appendicular skeleton?
The two types of bones
axial = bones of the skull, vertebral column (spine), rib cage (thoracic cage)
appendicular skeleton = bones of upper & lower limbs + pectoral/pelvic girdles
What is the fxn of the axial skeleton?
-Supports the head, neck and trunk
-protects the brain, spinal cord, and the organs in the thorax
What are the two types of skull bones?
Cranial and facial bones
Most skull bones are flat bones united by sutures except __________
mandible
What is the function of cranium/cranial bones?
-It encloses and protects the brain and provides attachment sites for head and neck muscle
-protects organs of hearing & balance
The cranial bones can be divided into?
Vault and a base
What is the vault part of the cranium?
forms the superior, lateral, posterior aspects of the skull + forehead
What is the base part of the cranium?
The inferior aspect of the skull
The cranium is internally divided into ?
they are internally divided into 3 boney ridges that are the anterior fossa (highest), middle fossa, and posterior fossa (lowest)
What is the function of facial bones?
-they form the framework/shape of the face
-contains the cavities for the sensory organs of sight, smell, and taste
-provide openings for the passage of air and food
-secure the teeth
-anchor the facial muscles that we use to show our feelings
What are the 8 cranial bones?
they are the paired parietal and temporal bones and the unpaired frontal, occipital , sphenoid and ethmoid bones
What are the 7 facial bones?
They are the inferior nasal concha, lacrimal, mandible, maxilla, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic bones
Why is the cranium’s curvature a good thing?
It allows them to be self bracing; can be strong while being quite thin
-brains protective bony “helmet”
-superior aspect curved, self bracing
-strong for its weight
The frontal bone shape is … and forms … and articulates …
-frontal bone is dome-shaped
-forms the roof of the orbits and contributes to the anterior cranial fossa
-articulates with paired parietal bones posteriorly
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What does the frontal bone contain mostly?
Most of it contains sinuses
The supraorbital margin, supraorbital foramen, and the glabella area is lateral to…
Lateral to glabella
The parietal bones form.. and therefore form …
-forms superior and lateral aspects of the skull and therefore form bulk of cranial vault
What are the four large/main sutures that occur where the parietal bones articulate?
-Coronal suture: parietal meets frontal bone anteriorly
-Sagittal suture: parietal meets at the cranial midline/ between the paired parietal bones
-lambdoid suture: parietal bones meet occipital bone posteriorly
-Squamous suture: parietal and temporal bones meet on lateral aspect
Where are the 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses?
-maxillary sinuses (the main portion of the maxillary bone contains these on each side, sinuses that often get infected), frontal sinuses, ethmoid air cells ( located in lateral masses of ethmoid), and sphenoid sinuses
What is the function of paranasal sinuses?
-mucosa-lined, air-filled, lighten skull and enhance resonance of voice; connect to nasal cavity, so also help to warm and humidify incoming air
What is the Occipital bone and forms walls of … and attaches …
-The occipital bone is a single bone at the base of the skull so helps form the posterior aspect of the skull
-Forms walls of posterior cranial fossa
-Attaches anteriorly to the 2 parietals and 2 temporals and attaches to sphenoid bone
Occipital bone:
What is the foremen’s magnum ( a large hole) the passage for…
-it is the passage for the central nervous system, important for brain to connect to spine
What are occipital condyles?
They are on each side of the foramen magnum and is the site of articulation with the first cervical vertebra
What are external occipital protuberance?
the projection at the back of the skull and are more prominent in males