Skill Acquisition Flashcards
(63 cards)
Using CEMPOD identify the six skill continua
Continuity, Environmental, Muscular Involvement, Pacing, Organisation, Difficulty
Skill Continuum Descriptions
-Muscular Involvement (gross and fine)
Gross- Involves large muscle movements and large muscle groups. There are major body movement skills e.g rugby tackle
Fine- Involves small muscle movements and small muscle groups. There are small bodily movements e.g. a snooker shot
Skill Continuum Descriptions
-Environment (open and closed)
Open- The environment is changing and others affect the skill. It is often externally paced. Movements will require adjustments e.g. netball pass
Closed- Not affected by the environment. The skill is stable and predictable. Often internally/ self-paced e.g. taking a penalty in football
Skill Continuum Descriptions
-Continuity (discrete, serial, continuous)
Discrete- Skill has a definite beginning and end. Usually brief in nature (a single skill). If skill is repeated, you have to start from the beginning e.g. kicking a football
Serial- A number of discrete skills put together to make a sequence or series. The order in which the district elements are in is important. Each movement is both a stimulus and a response e.g. bowling in cricket
Continuous- No clear beginning or end of skill. Activity continues for an unspecified time. Usually performed for a longer period of time e.g. swimming
Skill Continuum Descriptions
-Pacing (self and external)
Self-paced- A performer decides when to perform or start the skill. The performer decides the rate at which the skill is performed. There are more closed skills e.g. javelin throw
Externally-paced- Performance of the action is determined by external sources. It involves the performer in reaction. There are more open skills e.g. a game/pass in football
Skill Continuum Descriptions
-Difficulty (simple and complex)
Simple- Little information or stimuli to process. There are very few decisions and subroutines. There is time to use feedback e.g a pass in netball
Complex- Large amounts of information to process and there is less time to use feedback. There are many subroutines to perform in the correct order at the correct time. The skill can become affected by the environment. e.g. a somersault or floor routine in gymnastics
What is ability?
- The possession of talent, skill or proficiency in a particular area
- E.g. The ability to keep a badminton game going without much practice prior
What is skill?
- Skill is an organised, co-ordinated activity in relation to an object or situation which involves a whole chain of sensory, central and motor mechanisms
- E.g. A tennis serve
Types and methods of practice
-Part practice
- Practice by splitting or breaking down skills into subroutines or sections
- E.g. Tennis serve by doing the toss up
- Discrete and gross
Types of methods of practice
-Whole practice
- Practice by doing the total or complete or entire movement
- Not breaking the skill into subroutines or parts
- E.g. Whole tennis serve or jump shot in basketball
- Complex and discrete
What is a motor programme?
A series of sub-routines stored in the long-term memory
What is a sub-routine?
An individual movement or component of a skill or technique
Describe an Open Skill
The environment is changing & others affect the skill.
Much information to process
- Often externally paced
- Skills will require variations
- Movements will require adjustments
Describe a Closed Skill
- Not affected by the environment
- Stable and predictable
- Internally/Self-Paced
Describe a Gross Skill
- Involves large muscle movements
- Involves large muscle groups
- Major body movement skills
Describe a Fine Skill
- Involve small muscle movements
- Involve small muscle groups
- Small bodily movements
Describe a Discrete Skill
- Skill has a definite beginning and end
- Usually brief in nature – a single skill
- If a skill is repeated, have to start from the beginning
Describe a Serial Skill
- A number of discrete skills put together to make a sequence or series
- The order in which the distinct elements is important
- Each movement is both a stimulus and a response
Describe a Continuous Skill
- No clear beginning or end of skill
- Activity continues for unspecified time
- Usually performed for a longer period of time
Describe a Self-Paced Skill
- A performer decides when to perform or start the skill
- Performer decided the rate at which the skill is performed
- More closed skills e.g. shot put
Describe an Externally-Paced Skill
- Performance of the action is determined by external sources
- Involves the performer in reaction
- More open skill (e.g. white water canoeing)
Describe a Simple Skill
- Little information or stimuli to process
- Few decisions
- Time to use feedback
- Few sub-routines
Describe a Complex Skill
- Large amounts of information to process
- Affected by the environment
- Less time to use feedback
- Many sub-routines to perform in correct order at correct time
Describe a High Organisation Skill
- Skill cannot be split into sub-routines
- Sub-routines have to be practised as part of whole movement
