skill acquisition

Question 1

name all of the types of practice (8)

Answer 1

fixed
variable
massed
distributed
part
progressive part
whole
whole part whole

Question 2

what is fixed practice + example/type of skill

Answer 2

the repetition of a skill in a constant unchanging environment

closed skills
gymnastics, diving

Question 3

advantages of fixed practice

Answer 3

skill is over-learned/autonomous
little conscious thought
reproduced consistently

Question 4

disadvantages of fixed practice

Answer 4

poor habits may be developed
increased fatigue
lack of variability/challenge can be boring

Question 5

what is variable practice + example/type of skill

Answer 5

practicing the skill in different situations that replicate the conditions of the game

open skills
shooting practice in football

Question 6

advantages of variable practice

Answer 6

able to apply the skill to other situations
extends schema
replicates the game

Question 7

disadvantages of variable practice

Answer 7

difficult to stimulate the appropriate competitive situations

Question 8

what is massed practice + example/type of skill

Answer 8

repeating the skill with no rest breaks

discrete, simple, fine
golf, darts
experienced players

Question 9

advantages of massed practice

Answer 9

skills become over-learned/autonomous
develops motor programmes

Question 10

disadvantages of massed practice

Answer 10

increased fatigue
boredom or injury
doesn’t always allow time for feedback

Question 11

what is distributed practice + example/type of skill

Answer 11

practicing a skill with rest breaks

continuous, complex, gross
beginners
lack of fitness/motivation

Question 12

advantages of distributed practice

Answer 12

avoid overload
maintain motivation, concentration
time to recover mentally, physically

Question 13

disadvantages of distributed practice

Answer 13

time consuming

Question 14

what is whole practice + example/type of skill

Answer 14

skill is practiced as one complete movement

high organisation
autonomous
golf swing, somersault

Question 15

advantages of whole practice

Answer 15

fluent movement
developed kinaesthetic awareness
understand the timing of the skill

Question 16

disadvantages of whole practice

Answer 16

lots of information to process (overload)
not suitable for beginners

Question 17

what is part practice + example/type of skill

Answer 17

skill is broken down into sub-routines and practiced separately

low organisation
front crawl in swimming - arms and legs separately

Question 18

advantages of part practice

Answer 18

good for beginners
avoid overload
refine technique
develop confidence

Question 19

disadvantages of part practice

Answer 19

struggle to combine the parts so a less fluent movement
time consuming

Question 20

what is progressive part practice + example/type of practice

Answer 20

part A and B are learned separately and then combined as AB then C is learned separately then combined as ABC

complex, serial
triple jump
hop skip jump

Question 21

advantages of progressive part practice

Answer 21

good for beginners
provides success and motivation
reduced danger

Question 22

disadvantages of progressive part practice

Answer 22

relies on the first part being correct
time consuming

Question 23

what is whole part whole practice + example

Answer 23

whole skill is performed, a key weakness is identified during this and then practiced separately before redoing the whole skill

back stroke in swimming

Question 24

advantages of whole part whole practice

Answer 24

can identify weaknesses
good for coaches with new groups
good kinaesthetic feel

Question 25

disadvantages of whole part whole practice

Answer 25

time consuming could be hard with larger groups because they might not know their weaknesses and everyone's weakness will be different

Question 26

muscular involvement - skill continuum

Answer 26

fine vs gross fine: little muscle groups used e.g hand placement in gymnastics gross: large muscle groups used e.g rubgy tackle

Question 27

continuity - skill continuum

Answer 27

discrete vs serial vs continuous discrete: the skill has a clear beginning and end e.g netball pass serial: multiple discrete skills combined e.g triple jump continuous: no clear beginning and end e.g cycling

Question 28

pacing - skill continuum

Answer 28

self/internal vs external internal: performer is in control of the skill e.g serve external: the performer isn't in control of the skill e.g batting in cricket

Question 29

environmental influence - skill continuum

Answer 29

open vs closed open: the environment affects the skill e.g pass in football closed: environment doesn't affect the skill e.g serve

Question 30

difficulty - skill continuum

Answer 30

simple vs complex simple: no decision making required to complete the skill e.g walking complex: lots of decision making required to complete the skill e.g throughball

Question 31

organisation - skill continuum

Answer 31

high vs low high: skill can't be broken down easily into sub-routines e.g somersault low: skill is easily broken down into sub-routines e.g triple jump