Skill Acquisition Flashcards
(35 cards)
Classification of Motor skills
Difficult continuum Organisational continuum Pacing continuum Muscular involvement continuum Environmental influences continuum Continuity continuum
Continuity continuum
Discrete skill:
Clear beginning and end.
Serial skill:
Several discrete skills linked together.
Continuous skill:
No clear beginning or end.
Muscular involvement continuum
Gross skill:
Involves large muscle movements.
Fine skill:
Involves intricate muscle movements.
Environmental influences continuum
Open:
Influences by the environment where conditions are constantly changing.
Closed:
Not influenced by the environment and conditions do not change.
Pacing continuum
Self paced:
Performer controls rate of execution.
Externally paced:
Opponents control rate of execution.
Difficulty continuum
Simple:
Very few decisions to make.
Complex:
Lots of decisions to make.
Organisational continuum
Low organisation:
Easily separated into sub routines.
High organisation:
Cannot be separated into sub routines.
Practice types
Part
Whole
Whole-part-whole
Progressive part
Part practice
Practicing just one sub routine of a skill.
Whole practice
Practicing a skill in its entire form.
Whole part whole practice
Practice in its entire form.
Practice one sub routine.
Practice in its entire form.
Progressive part practice
Practice sub routine A in isolation.
Practice sub routine B in isolation.
Link together to work on skill in its entirety.
Practice methods
Massed
Distributed
Fixed
Varied
Massed practice
Practicing without any rest periods.
✔️Improved fitness endurance.
✖️Fatigue faster.
Distributed practice
Practicing with regular rest periods.
✔️Can give feedback during rest periods.
✖️Reduced practice time.
Fixed practice
Practicing a skill where environmental conditions are constant.
✔️Good for closed, simple and self-paced skills.
✖️Open skills.
Varied practice
Practicing a skill in a constantly changing environment.
✔️Open, complex and externally-paced skills.
✖️Closed, self-paced and simple skills.
Transfer of skills
Positive transfer
Negative transfer
Retroactive transfer
Proactive transfer
Bilateral transfer
Bilateral transfer
Motor programme is transferred from one limb to another.
Proactive/Retroactive transfer
Proactive:
Previously learnt skill influences the learning of a new skill.
Retroactive:
New skill influences a previously learnt skill.
Positive/Negative transfer
Positive:
Learning one skill helps to learn another skill.
Negative:
Learning one skill hinders the learning of another skill.
Ways to optimise positive transfer
Ensure clear demonstrations.
Ensure skills are grooved in.
Ways to limit negative transfer
Ensure original skill is grooves in.
Provide regular feedback.
Operant conditioning
SR Bonds are formed and strengthened. By using a satisfier. Which modifies behaviour. By manipulating the environment. And using Trial and Error.
When benefits are seen reinforcement occurs.
Role models more likely to modify behaviour.
