skill acquisition Flashcards
(35 cards)
gross motor skills
use large muscle groups and require less emphasis on precision
fine motor skills
use small muscle groups and requires precision
discrete
has an obvious beginning and end
eg. bball free throw or netball pass
serial
several discrete skills performed in a sequence
eg. gymnastics routine or bball layup
continuous
has no definite beginning or end point- the motor skill is continuous in nature
eg. running or swimming
closed environment
when the environment is considered predictable and the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment
eg. throwing a dart
open environment
when the environment conditions are constantly changing and the performer has little control over their performance environment
eg. white-water kayaking
stability skills
involving balance and control of the body
eg. balance or twisting
locomotor skills
move through space
eg. running or jumping
manipulative skills
control of an object
eg. catching or throwing
cognitive stage of learning
The beginners are trying to understand what the skill requires so perform it. Requires plenty of attention. Learners will make many errors and not know how to correct them. Involves rapid improvement and is considered the quickest stage
associative stage of learning
Also known as the practice stage which involves refining technique and performing skills with fewer errors. As they improve their skill, more attention can be focused on other cues relevant to the game. The performer can detect the cause of some errors. Improvements are more gradual
autonomous stage of learning
The learner can perform the skill oalmost autimatically. It requires little attention so they can focus their attention on tactics and game stategies
distributed practise
Involves shorter but more frequent sessions. More time allocated to rest between tasks and to reflect on what they have learnt. Adopted by full-time athletes
massed practice
Involves less frequent sessions that last for longer. Rest intervals between tasks are also shorter. Most non-pro teams use this method as training needs to be scheduled around school, work, etc
blocked practise
Involves practising the same skill continuously without changing to a different task. eg 50 free throws in a row. Suitable for beginners who are trying to learn and understand the skill with a closed environment
random practise
When you practise multiple skills in random order. eg volleyball- dig, set, dig, spike, set, set, spike, dig. Suitable for performers in the associative and autonomous stages as it helps to improve the cognitive skills necessary to perform in a game.
intrinsic feedback
when the performer uses their senses to assess their own performance- visual, auditory, proprioception, touch
external (augmented) feedback
feedback provided by the coach or instructor- concurrent feedback is during the performance and terminal feedback is given after the performance
knowledge of performance
feedback on HOW the skill was performed
eg. correcting technique errors
knowledge of results
feedback about the result of the movement
eg. the tennis serve landed in or out
link between motor skill development and participation and performance
The level of skill development will influence whether someone participates. Those with higher levels of skill are more likely to particpate and therefore continue to improve their performance
individual constraints
height, weight, fitness, concentration, attention, decision making skills
environmental constraints
relates to the physical environment- weather, terrain, quality of facilities
