Skill Aquisition Flashcards
(22 cards)
Characteristics of a skill
Aesthetically pleasing Efficient Fluid Consistent Accurate Controlled Economical
Simple skill
performer doesn’t have to process much information or make many decisions.
Complex skill
skills where the performer has to process lots of information and make lots of decisions
Open skill
skills affected by the environment. They are mainly perceptual and usually externally paced
Closed skill
skills that are not affected by the environment. They are usually self-paced and occur in fixed or predictable situations.
High organised skill
has a complex number of phases involved which cannot be broken down and practised separately, as they are linked closely together. They require large amounts of attention.
Low organised skill
Skills which can be separated into sub routines and practised individually.
Self paced
You start and finish the skill in your own time - no limit
Externally paced
include a decision and a reaction. In most cases the opponent controls the rate of performance.
Gross skill
Involve large muscle movements. Performed by large muscle groups not very precise. Include walking, running, jumping and throwing.
Fine skill
involve precise movements using small muscle groups. Performed with great detail and generally involve high levels of hand-eye coordination. A snooker shot eg.
Discrete skill
skill containing a single unit of activity with a definite beginning and end. A tennis serve or golf swing eg.
Serial skill
a group of discrete skills to make a new and complex movement. i.e. the sequence of skills for the triple jump.
Continuous skill
No obvious beginning or end. The end of one cycle of movements is the beginning of the next, and the skill is repeated like a cycle.
Positive transfer
When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another. Eg playing netball and playing basketball.
Negative transfer.
When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another, eg tennis and badminton serves being similar yet different.
Bilateral transfer.
When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb. Eg kicking with left foot and right in football.
Zero transfer
When the learning of one skill has no effect on another skill as they are completely different. Eg shooting in basketball and passing in football.
Whole practice
Practicing a skill in it’s entirety.
Kinaesthesis - ability to feel the motion of a skill eg golf swing.
When it’s used- fast skills, closed, highly organised, simple.
Advantages- develops kinaesthesis, fast, fluent.
Disadvantages- demotivating if skill isn’t picked up quickly, fatigue, too much to take in.
Whole part whole
Assessing the skill, finding a weakness to practice, and putting it all together. Eg volley
Used when skill is: Complete Highly organised Externally paced Kinaesthesis needed
Advantages- provides motivation, fluency maintained, immediate feedback
Disadvantages- may produce negative transfer if skill isn’t put together correctly, time consuming, may feel much different to performing the skill whole.
Progressive part practice
Practicing the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually.
When it’s used: When skill is low organisation Dangerous Movements can be isolated Self paced
Advantages- reduces danger, focus on specific weakness, rest is possible.
Disadvantages- time consuming, can’t be used for highly organised , don’t feel full movement until the end.
Check photos for massed practice etc
Penguin
