Skill Aquisition Flashcards by anna wayne

Types of Skill

What are the characteristics of skill?

Accurate
Controlled
Economical
Fluent
Aesthetically pleasing
Consistent
Efficent

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Types of Skill

What are the different types of skill?

Open
Closed
Self-paced
Externally-Paced
Gross
Fine
Discrete
Serial
Continuous
High Organisation
Low Organisation
Simple
Complex

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Types of Skill

What is the definition of a skill?

A learned ability to bring about a predetermined result with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and/or energy

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Types of Skill

What is the definition of an open skill?

A skill performed in an unpredictable environment

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Types of Skill

What are the characteristics of an open skill?

Affected by the environment
Perceptual
Movements must be adapted
Most are externally paced

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Types of Skill

What is an example of an open skill?

Returning a tennis serve

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Types of Skill

What is the definition of a closed skill?

A skill performed in a predictable environment

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Types of Skill

What are the characteristics of a closed skill?

Not affected by the environment
Habitual
Set self-paced movement

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Types of Skill

What is an example of a closed skill?

Shotput

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Types of Skill

What is the definition of a self-paced skill?

When the performer controls the start and the speed of the skill

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Types of Skill

What are the characteristics of a self-paced skill?

Performer has control over the rate the skill is caried out at
Involved pro action by performer

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Types of Skill

What is an example of a self-paced skill?

Penalty

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Types of Skill

What is the definition of an externally-paced skill?

When the performer of the skill has no control over the start and speed of the skill

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Types of Skill

What are the characteristics of an externally-paced skill?

-Performer has no control over the rate of the skill
- Involved reaction by the performer

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Types of Skill

What is an example of an externally-paced skill?

Returning a tennis serve

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Types of Skill

What is the definition of a gross skill?

A skill that uses large muscle groups

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Types of Skill

What are the characteristics of a gross skill?

Major body movements with large muscle groups
Strength, power, endurance
Little fine control

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Types of Skill

What is an example of a rugby tackle?

Rugby tackle

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Types of Skill

What is the definition of a fine skill?

A skill that uses smaller muscle groups

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Types of Skill

What are the characteristics of a fine skill?

intricate small movements using small muscle groups
accuracy and precision
good hand-eye co-ordintion

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Types of Skill

What is an example of a fine skill?

Darts

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Types of Skill

What is the definition of a discrete skill?

A skill that has a clear beginning and end

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Types of Skill

What are the characteristics of a discrete skill?

Clear start/end
Skills can be repeated but starts again
Single specific skills

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Types of Skill

What is an example of a discrete skill?

Tennis serve

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# Types of Skill What is the definition of a serial skill?

A skill that has a clear beginning or end

# Types of Skill What are the characteristics of a serial skill?

- Several discrete elements put together to make a sequence - Order of elements is important

# Types of Skill What is an example of a serial skill?

Triple Jump

# Types of Skill What is the definition of a continuous skill?

A skill that has no clear start or end

# Types of Skill What are the characteristics of a continuous skill?

- No clear start/end - Continuous for as long as performer wishes - End of cycle is start of the next - No clear subroutines

# Types of Skill What is an example of a continous skill?

Cycling

# Types of Skill What is the definition of a high-organised skill?

A skill that is not easily broke down into parts

# Types of Skill What are the characteristics of a high-organised skill?

- Skill isn't easily broken down into parts - Action is very quick - Subroutines merge quickly as performed - Best practiced as a whole

# Types of Skill aWhat is an example of a high-organised skill?

Cycling

# Types of Skill What is the definition of a low-organised skill?

A skill that is easily broken into parts

# Types of Skill What are the characteristics of a low-organised skill?

- Sub routines tend to be discrete - Best practiced sperately and then intergrated into whole skill - Can be learnt/practiced during part method

# Types of Skill What is an example of a low-organised skill?

Long jump

# Types of Skill What is the definition of a simple skill?

A skill that requires few decisions when being performed

# Types of Skill What are the characteristics of a simple skill?

- Small amounts of info can be processed - Few decisions to be made

# Types of Skill What is an example of a simple skill?

Running

# Types of Skill What is the definition of a complex skill?

A skill that rquires decision making using lots of information when performed

# Types of Skill What are the characteristics of a complex skill?

- Large amounts of info to be processed - Numbers of decisions to be made quickly - High numbers of sub-routines to be performed quickly and accurately

# Types of Skill What is an example of a complex skill?

A tennis serve

# Transfer of learning What are the 4 transfers of learning?

1. Bilateral 2. Positive 3. Negative 4. Zero

# Transfer of learning What is bilateral transfer?

Takes place from one side of the body to the other - sometimes called lateralisation

# Transfer of learning What is an example of bilateral transfer?

A footballer kicking the ball with their left foot after kicking it with their right foot

# Transfer of learning What is positive transfer?

Occurs when learning of one skill aids the learning of another

# Transfer of learning What is an example of positive transfer?

Learning a golf stroke is enhanced by the player being a good cricketer

# Transfer of learning What is negative transfer?

Occurs when learning of one skill hinders the learning of another

# Transfer of learning What is an example of negative transfer?

Flexible use of the wrist in badminton may interfere with firm wrist needed for tennis

# Transfer of learning What is zero transfer?

When the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another

# Transfer of learning What is an example of zero transfer?

Learning to swim will have zero transfer from weight training

# Transfer of learning What is transfer?

The effect of learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another

# Transfer of learning How can positive transfer be promoted?

- Stop bad habits - Realism - Provide motivation - Point out similarities and transfer possibilities - Make sure the task is well learned before making progress - Planned progression

# Presentation of Practice What is meant by presentation of practice?

The ways in which a skill can be taught to maximise performance

# Presentation of Practice What are the different ways of presenting practice?

- Whole practice - Whole-part-whole practice - Progressive part practice

# Presentation of Practice What is the definition of whole practice?

Practicing a skill in its entirety

# Presentation of Practice What is an example of whole practice?

Golf swing

# Presentation of Practice When do you use whole practice?

When the skill is: - Fast - Closed - Discrete - Simple - Highly organised

# Presentation of Practice What are the advantages of using whole practice?

- Fluency - Keeps links between subroutines - Builds image - Realistic - helps to produce the effect of positive transfer - Pomotes understanding

# Presentation of Practice What are the disadvantages of using whole practice?

- Too much information - Beyong capabilities of performer - Not for beginner

# Presentation of Practice What is the definition of whole-part-whole practice?

Asserting the skill, identifying a weakness to practice, then putting the skill back together

# Presentation of Practice When should whole-part-whole practice be used?

Use when the skill is: - complex - hard to break down - fast - discrete

# Presentation of Practice What are the advanatges of using whole-part-whole practice?

- Overall feel developed - Success is continous by developing weaker subroutines - Provides motivation when a long-standing weakness is corrected - Provides immediate feedback

# Presentation of Practice What are the disadvantages of using whole-part-whole practice?

# Theories of Learning What are the 4 learning theories?

- SLT/Obesrvational Learning - Cognitive theory/Insight Theory - Behaviourism/Operant Conditioning - Constructivism/Social Development Theory

# Theories of Learning Who and What is involved within Behaviourism/Operant Conditioning?

- Skinner - Use of reinforcement to link correct responses to a stimulus - Reinforced actions are strengthened and incorrect actions can be weakened

# Theories of Learning What is Operant Conditioning characterised by?

- Based on trial and error learning - Coach might manipulate the environment when using OC - It shapes behaviour by using reinforcement

# Theories of Learning How does OC make sure successful responses are strengthened and unsuccessful responses are ignored?

Skill Aquisition Flashcards

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